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ASTM C1733-17a
Standard Test Method for Distribution Coefficients of Inorganic Species by the Batch Method
8 стр.
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Разработчик:
Зарубежные/ASTM
ICS:
71.040.40 Chemical. Including analysis of gases and surface chemical analysis / Химический анализ. Включая анализ газов13.080.99 Other. Including agricultural aspects related to soils and re-use of soil materials / Качество грунта, прочие аспекты. Включая сельскохозяйственные аспекты, относящиеся к грунтам
Сборник (ASTM):
12.01 Nuclear Energy (I) / Ядерная энергия (I)
Тематика:
Nuclear Technology
Описание
Значение и использование

4.1 The distribution coefficient, Kd, is an experimentally determined ratio quantifying the distribution of a chemical species between a given fluid and solid material sample under certain conditions, including the attainment of constant aqueous concentrations of the species of interest. The Kd concept is used in mass transport modeling, for example, to assess the degree to which the movement of a species will be delayed by interactions with the local geomedium as the solution migrates through the geosphere under a given set of underground geochemical conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The retardation factor (Rf) is the ratio of the velocity of the groundwater divided by the velocity of the contaminant, which can be expressed as:

Equation C1733-17A_3

where:

ρb   =   bulk density of the porous medium (mass/length 3) and
ηe   =   effective porosity of the medium (unitless) expressed as a decimal.

4.2 Because of the sensitivity of Kd to site specific conditions and materials, the use of literature derived Kd values is strongly discouraged. For applications other than transport modeling, batch Kd measurements also may be used, for example, for parametric studies of the effects of changing chemical conditions and of mechanisms related to the interactions of fluids with solid material.

Область применения

1.1 This test method covers the determination of distribution coefficients, Kd, of chemical species to quantify uptake onto solid materials by a batch sorption technique. It is a laboratory method primarily intended to assess sorption of dissolved ionic species subject to migration through pores and interstices of site specific geomedia, or other solid material. It may also be applied to other materials such as manufactured adsorption media and construction materials. Application of the results to long-term field behavior is not addressed in this method. Kd for radionuclides in selected geomedia or other solid materials are commonly determined for the purpose of assessing potential migratory behavior of contaminants in the subsurface of contaminated sites and out of a waste form and in the surface of waste disposal facilities. This test method is also applicable to studies for parametric studies of the variables and mechanisms which contribute to the measured Kd.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Ключевые слова:
adsorption; attenuation; batch sorption; distribution coefficient; geochemical; ground water; ion exchange capacity; isotherm; liquid migration; short-term batch;