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ISO/ASTM51205-09
Standard Practice for Use of a Ceric-Cerous Sulfate Dosimetry System
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Сборник (ASTM):
12.02 Nuclear (II), Solar, and Geothermal Energy; Radiation Processing / Ядерная энергия (II), Солнечная, и Геотермическая Энергия; Радиационная обработка
Тематика:
Nuclear Technology
Описание
Значение и использование

4.1 The ceric-cerous system provides a reliable means for determining absorbed dose to water. It is based on a process of reduction of ceric ions to cerous ions in acidic aqueous solution by ionizing radiation (1,4).

NOTE 3 - The ceric-cerous system described in the practice has cerous sulfate added to the initial solution to reduce the effect of organic impurities and to allow the potentiometric method of measurement. Other systems used for dosimetry include solutions of ceric sulfate or ceric ammonium sulfate in sulfuric acid without the initial addition of cerous sulfate. These other systems are based on the same process of reduction of ceric ions to cerous ions but are not included in this practice.

4.2 The dosimeter is a solution of ceric sulfate and cerous sulfate in sulfuric acid in an appropriate container such as a flame-sealed glass ampoule. The solution indicates a level of absorbed dose by a change (decrease) in optical absorbance at a specified wavelength in the ultraviolet region, or a change (increase) in electropotential.Acalibrated spectrophotometer is used to determine the absorbance and a potentiometer, with a specially designed cell, is used to determine the electropotential in millivolts.

4.3 The dosimeter response has an irradiation temperature dependence since the radiation chemical yield ( G~Ce31! )depends on temperature. The dependence of G~Ce31! is approximately equal to -0.2 % per degree Celsius between 0 and 62�C (3, 5, 6). This irradiation temperature dependence has a slight dependence on the initial cerous ion concentration (see 10.6.3).

4.4 The absorbed dose to materials other than water when irradiated under equivalent conditions may be calculated. Procedures for making such calculations are given in ASTM Practices E 666 and E 668 and ISO/ASTM Guide 51261.

NOTE 4 - For a comprehensive discussion of various dosimetry methods applicable to the radiation types and energies discussed in this practice, see ICRU Reports 14, 34, 35, and 37.

Область применения

1.1 This practice covers the preparation, testing, and procedurefor using the ceric-cerous sulfate dosimetry system to measureabsorbed dose in water when exposed to ionizing radiation. Thesystem consists of a dosimeter and appropriate analyticalinstrumentation. For simplicity, the system will be referred to asthe ceric-cerous system. It is classified as a reference standarddosimetry system (see ISO/ASTM Guide 51261). Ceric-cerousdosimeters are also used as transfer-standard dosimeters or routinedosimeters.

1.2 This practice describes both the spectrophotometric and thepotentiometric readout procedures for the ceric-cerous systems.

1.3 This practice applies only to γ rays, X rays, and highenergy electrons.

1.4 This practice applies provided the following aresatisfied:

1.4.1 The absorbed-dose range shall be between 5 102and 5 104 Gy (1).

1.4.2 The absorbed-dose rate shall be less than 10 6Gy/s (1).

1.4.3 For radionuclide gamma-ray sources, the initial photonenergy shall be greater than 0.6 MeV. For bremsstrahlung photons,the initial energy of the electrons used to produce thebremsstrahlung photons shall be equal to or greater than 2 MeV. Forelectron beams, the initial electron energy shall be greater than 8MeV.

Note 1—The lower energy limits are appropriate for a cylindricaldosimeter ampoule of 12-mm diameter. Corrections for dose gradientsacross an ampoule of that diameter or less are not required forphotons, but may be required for electron beams (2). Theceric-cerous system may be used at lower energies by employingthinner (in the beam direction) dosimeter containers (see ICRUReport 35).

1.4.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter shall bebetween 0 and 62°C (3).

Note 2—The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response isknown only in this range. For use outside this range, the dosimetrysystem should be calibrated for the required range of irradiationtemperatures.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Ключевые слова:
absorbed dose; ceric-cerous sulfate dosimeter; dose; dose measurement; dosimeter; dosimetry system; electron beam; gamma radiation; ionizing radiation; irradiation; photons; radiation; radiation processing; reference-standard dosimeter; X rays;