Ключевые слова:
Dew point, Single, Pipes, Thickness, Cooling, Underground, Mathematical calculations, Thermal transmittance, Cylindrical shape, Valves, Pipelines, Freezing, Flanges, Temperature, Pipework systems, Heat transfer, Convection, Laminates, Buildings, Containers, Construction systems parts, Spherical shape, Heat transfer coefficient, Thermal insulating properties, Thermal insulation, Thermal conductivity, Industrial facilities, Temperature distribution, Rectangular shape, Thermal bridges, Surfaces