Be prepared to comply in the new era for electrical safety. The NEC protects the public by establishing requirements for electrical wiring and equipment in virtually all buildings. The field's most important document is revised based on new technology and industry needs. Order your 2008 NEC Softbound to stay competitive and up-to-code!
Revisions in the 2008 NFPA 70®: National Electrical Code boost public safety, emergency preparedness, Code usability, and worker protection.
Only the 2008 NEC includes the latest rules for electrical installation in residential, commercial, and industrial occupancies. It also introduces:
Usability changes facilitate your work!
You'll find greater consistency in grounding and bonding terminology…new shading behind revised text that lets you see what's new at a glance…and new identifiers at the top of each page in the NEC index for speedier referencing.
Приготовьтесь войти в новую эру электробезопасности. NEC защищает население посредством установления требований к электропроводке и оборудованию практически для всех типов зданий. Наиболее важный в данной области документ пересмотрен в соответствии с новыми требованиями технологий и производства. Закажите NEC -2008 в мягкой обложке, чтобы сохранять конкурентоспособность и соответствие современным требованиям. Исправления, внесенные в NFPA 70-2008 «Национальные правила установки электрооборудования», повышают общественную безопасность, готовность к аварийным ситуациям, защищенность рабочих, упрощают использование «Правил». Только NEC -2008 содержит последние правила по установке электрооборудования в жилых, торговых и производственных помещениях. Документ также представляет:
• Новую статью о работе энергосистем в критическом режиме с учетом обеспечения электробезопасности общественных и частных учреждений, которые должны сохранять работоспособность во время кризиса, таких как диспетчерские центры общественной безопасности и реанимационные отделения больниц.
• Новую статью об электрификации грузового транспорта во время стоянок с правилами NEC -2008 для торговых предприятий по использованию бортовых энергетических систем, позволяющих сократить выделение выхлопных газов и расход топлива во время простоя.
• Пересмотренные требования для AFCI и GFCI в жилых помещениях. Поскольку короткие дуговые замыкания в электропроводке и шнурах-удлинителях могут вызвать пожары, «Правила» распространяют использование систем AFCI на жилые зоны.
• Новые правила, касающиеся розеток с защитой от детей, созданные в ответ на сообщения NEISS о тысячах детей, ежегодно попадающих в больницы с ожогами, полученными в результате засовывания в розетки посторонних предметов.
• Новые положения в статьях 210 и 410 и других местах «Правил», снижающие факторы риска для рабочих и согласованные с правилами безопасности для рабочих NFPA 70E.
• Плюс сотни других изменений. Изменения, касающиеся практического применения, облегчают вашу работу. Вы обнаружите большую последовательность в основной и связанной терминологиях, другой оттенок пересмотренного текста, позволяющий с первого взгляда определить изменения, и новые метки вверху каждой страницы алфавитного указателя NEC для более быстрого поиска.
Закажите NEC -2008 в популярном формате! Компактное и удобное в использовании издание NEC – то что нужно подрядчикам на установку электрооборудования, инженерам, электрикам, специалистам противопожарной службы, сотрудникам службы безопасности, инспекторам и архитекторам. (Мягкая обложка, 822 стр., 2008)
Содержание:ARTICLE 90 Introduction
Chapter 1 General
ARTICLE 100 Definitions
I. GeneralARTICLE 110 Requirements for Electrical Installations
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal
I. General
II. 600 Volts, Nominal, or Less
III. Over 600 Volts, Nominal
IV. Tunnel Installations over 600 Volts, Nominal
V. Manholes and Other Electrical Enclosures Intended for Personnel Entry, All Voltages
Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection
ARTICLE 200 Use and Identification of Grounded Conductors
ARTICLE 210 Branch Circuits
I. General ProvisionsARTICLE 215 Feeders
II. Branch-Circuit Ratings
III. Required Outlets
ARTICLE 220 Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Calculations
I. GeneralARTICLE 225 Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders
II. Branch-Circuit Load Calculations
III. Feeder and Service Load Calculations
IV. Optional Feeder and Service Load Calculations
V. Farm Load Calculations
I. GeneralARTICLE 230 Services
II. More Than One Building or Other Structure
III. Over 600 Volts
I. GeneralARTICLE 240 Overcurrent Protection
II. Overhead Service-Drop Conductors
III. Underground Service-Lateral Conductors
IV. Service-Entrance Conductors
V. Service Equipment - General
VI. Service Equipment - Disconnecting Means
VII. Service Equipment - Overcurrent Protection
VIII. Services Exceeding 600 Volts, Nominal
I. GeneralARTICLE 250 Grounding and Bonding
II. Location.
III. Enclosures
IV. Disconnecting and Guarding
V. Plug Fuses, Fuseholders, and Adapters
VI. Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders
VII. Circuit Breakers
VIII. Supervised Industrial Installations
IX. Overcurrent Protection over 600 Volts, Nominal
I. GeneralARTICLE 280 Surge Arresters, Over 1 kV
II. System Grounding
III. Grounding Electrode System and Grounding Electrode Conductor
IV. Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable Connections
V. Bonding
VI. Equipment Grounding and Equipment Grounding Conductors
VII. Methods of Equipment Grounding
VIII. Direct-Current Systems
IX. Instruments, Meters, and Relays
X. Grounding of Systems and Circuits of 1 kV and Over (High Voltage)
I. GeneralARTICLE 285 Surge-Protective Devices (SPDs), 1 kV or Less
II. Installation
III. Connecting Surge Arresters
I. General
II. Installation
III. Connecting SPDs.
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials
ARTICLE 300 Wiring Methods
I. General RequirementsARTICLE 310 Conductors for General Wiring
II. Requirements for over 600 Volts, Nominal
ARTICLE 312 Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures
I. InstallationARTICLE 314 Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
II. Construction Specifications
I. Scope and GeneralARTICLE 320 Armored Cable: Type AC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
IV. Pull and Junction Boxes for Use on Systems over 600 Volts, Nominal
I. GeneralARTICLE 322 Flat Cable Assemblies: Type FC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 324 Flat Conductor Cable: Type FCC
II. Installation
III. Construction
I. GeneralARTICLE 326 Integrated Gas Spacer Cable: Type IGS
II. Installation
III. Construction
I. GeneralARTICLE 328 Medium Voltage Cable: Type MV
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 330 Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 332 Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable: Type MI
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 334 Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM, NMC, and NMS
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 336 Power and Control Tray Cable: Type TC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 338 Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 340 Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable: Type UF
II. Installation
III. Construction
I. GeneralARTICLE 342 Intermediate Metal Conduit: Type IMC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 344 Rigid Metal Conduit: Type RMC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 348 Flexible Metal Conduit: Type FMC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 350 Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit: Type LFMC
II. Installation
I. GeneralARTICLE 352 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit: Type PVC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 353 High Density Polyethylene Conduit: Type HDPE Conduit
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 354 Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors: Type NUCC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 355 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Conduit: Type RTRC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 356 Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit: Type LFNC
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 358 Electrical Metallic Tubing: Type EMT
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 360 Flexible Metallic Tubing: Type FMT
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 362 Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing: Type ENT
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 366 Auxiliary Gutters
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 368 Busways
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. General RequirementsARTICLE 370 Cablebus
II. Installation
III. Construction
IV. Requirements for Over 600 Volts, Nominal
ARTICLE 372 Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways
ARTICLE 374 Cellular Metal Floor Raceways
I. InstallationARTICLE 376 Metal Wireways
II. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 378 Nonmetallic Wireways
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 380 Multioutlet Assembly
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
ARTICLE 382 Nonmetallic Extensions
I. GeneralARTICLE 384 Strut-Type Channel Raceway
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications (Concealable Nonmetallic Extensions only)
I. GeneralARTICLE 386 Surface Metal Raceways
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 388 Surface Nonmetallic Raceways
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 390 Underfloor Raceways
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
ARTICLE 392 Cable Trays
ARTICLE 394 Concealed Knob-and-Tube Wiring
I. GeneralARTICLE 396 Messenger-Supported Wiring
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 398 Open Wiring on Insulators
II. Installation
I. General
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use
ARTICLE 400 Flexible Cords and Cables
I. GeneralARTICLE 402 Fixture Wires
II. Construction Specifications
III. Portable Cables Over 600 Volts, Nominal
ARTICLE 404 Switches
I. InstallationARTICLE 406 Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps)
II. Construction Specifications
ARTICLE 408 Switchboards and Panelboards
I. GeneralARTICLE 409 Industrial Control Panels
II. Switchboards
III. Panelboards
IV. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 410 Luminaires, Lampholders, and Lamps
II. Installation
III. Construction Specifications
I. GeneralARTICLE 411 Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less
II. Luminaire Locations
III. Provisions at Luminaire Outlet Boxes, Canopies, and Pans
IV. Luminaire Supports
V. Grounding
VI. Wiring of Luminaires
VII. Construction of Luminaires
VIII. Installation of Lampholders
IX. Construction of Lampholders
X. Lamps and Auxiliary Equipment
XI. Special Provisions for Flush and Recessed Luminaires
XII. Construction of Flush and Recessed Luminaires
XIII. Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of 1000 Volts or Less
XIV. Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of More Than 1000 Volts
XV. Lighting Track
XVI. Decorative Lighting and Similar Accessories
ARTICLE 422 Appliances
I. GeneralARTICLE 424 Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment
II. Installation
III. Disconnecting Means
IV. Construction
V. Marking
I. GeneralARTICLE 426 Fixed Outdoor Electric Deicing and Snow-Melting Equipment
II. Installation
III. Control and Protection of Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment
IV. Marking of Heating Equipment
V. Electric Space-Heating Cables
VI. Duct Heaters
VII. Resistance-Type Boilers
VIII. Electrode-Type Boilers
IX. Electric Radiant Heating Panels and Heating Panel Sets
I. GeneralARTICLE 427 Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels
II. Installation
III. Resistance Heating Elements
IV. Impedance Heating
V. Skin-Effect Heating
VI. Control and Protection
I. GeneralARTICLE 430 Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers
II. Installation
III. Resistance Heating Elements
IV. Impedance Heating
V. Induction Heating
VI. Skin-Effect Heating
VII. Control and Protection
I. GeneralARTICLE 440 Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Equipment
II. Motor Circuit Conductors
III. Motor and Branch-Circuit Overload Protection
IV. Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection
V. Motor Feeder Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection
VI. Motor Control Circuits
VII. Motor Controllers
VIII. Motor Control Centers
IX. Disconnecting Means
X. Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems
XI. Over 600 Volts, Nominal
XII. Protection of Live Parts - All Voltages
XIII. Grounding - All Voltages
XIV. Tables
I. GeneralARTICLE 445 Generators
II. Disconnecting Means
III. Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection
IV. Branch-Circuit Conductors
V. Controllers for Motor-Compressors
VI. Motor-Compressor and Branch-Circuit Overload Protection
VII. Provisions for Room Air Conditioners
ARTICLE 450 Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
I. General ProvisionsARTICLE 455 Phase Converters
II. Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Transformers
III. Transformer Vaults
I. GeneralARTICLE 460 Capacitors
II. Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Phase Converters
I. 600 Volts, Nominal, and UnderARTICLE 470 Resistors and Reactors
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal
I. 600 Volts, Nominal, and UnderARTICLE 480 Storage Batteries
II. Over 600 Volts, Nominal
ARTICLE 490 Equipment, Over 600 Volts, Nominal
I. General
II. Equipment - Specific Provisions
III. Equipment - Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear and Industrial Control Assemblies
IV. Mobile and Portable Equipment
V. Electrode-Type Boilers
Chapter 5 Special Occupancies
ARTICLE 500 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, Classes I, II, and III, Divisions 1 and 2
ARTICLE 501 Class I Locations
I. GeneralARTICLE 502 Class II Locations
II. Wiring
III. Equipment
I. GeneralARTICLE 503 Class III Locations
II. Wiring
III. Equipment
I. GeneralARTICLE 504 Intrinsically Safe Systems
II. Wiring
III. Equipment
ARTICLE 505 Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 Locations
ARTICLE 506 Zone 20, 21, and 22 Locations for Combustible Dusts or Ignitible Fibers/Flyings
ARTICLE 510 Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Specific
ARTICLE 511 Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage
ARTICLE 513 Aircraft Hangars
ARTICLE 514 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities
ARTICLE 515 Bulk Storage Plants
ARTICLE 516 Spray Application, Dipping, and Coating Processes
ARTICLE 517 Health Care Facilities
I. GeneralARTICLE 518 Assembly Occupancies
II. Wiring and Protection
III. Essential Electrical System
IV. Inhalation Anesthetizing Locations
V. X-Ray Installations
VI. Communications, Signaling Systems, Data Systems, Fire Alarm Systems, and Systems Less Than 120 Volts, Nominal
VII. Isolated Power Systems
ARTICLE 520 Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, Performance Areas, and Similar Locations
I. GeneralARTICLE 522 Control Systems for Permanent Amusement Attractions
II. Fixed Stage Switchboards
III. Fixed Stage Equipment Other Than Switchboards
IV. Portable Switchboards on Stage
V. Portable Stage Equipment Other Than Switchboards
VI. Dressing Rooms
VII. Grounding
I. General.ARTICLE 525 Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events
II. Control Circuits.
III. Control Circuit Wiring Methods.
I. General RequirementsARTICLE 530 Motion Picture and Television Studios and Similar Locations
II. Power Sources
III. Wiring Methods
IV. Grounding and Bonding
I. GeneralARTICLE 540 Motion Picture Projection Rooms
II. Stage or Set
III. Dressing Rooms
IV. Viewing, Cutting, and Patching Tables
V. Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults
VI. Substations
I. GeneralARTICLE 545 Manufactured Buildings
II. Equipment and Projectors of the Professional Type
III. Nonprofessional Projectors
IV. Audio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction Equipment
ARTICLE 547 Agricultural Buildings
ARTICLE 550 Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile Home Parks
I. GeneralARTICLE 551 Recreational Vehicles and Recreational Vehicle Parks
II. Mobile and Manufactured Homes
III. Services and Feeders
I. GeneralARTICLE 552 Park Trailers
II. Combination Electrical Systems
III. Other Power Sources
IV. Nominal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt Systems
V. Factory Tests
VI. Recreational Vehicle Parks
I. GeneralARTICLE 553 Floating Buildings
II. Low-Voltage Systems
III. Combination Electrical Systems
IV. Nominal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt Systems
V. Factory Tests
I. GeneralARTICLE 555 Marinas and Boatyards
II. Services and Feeders
III. Grounding
ARTICLE 590 Temporary Installations
Chapter 6 Special Equipment
ARTICLE 600 Electric Signs and Outline Lighting
I. GeneralARTICLE 604 Manufactured Wiring Systems
II. Field-Installed Skeleton Tubing and Wiring
ARTICLE 605 Office Furnishings (Consisting of Lighting Accessories and Wired Partitions)
ARTICLE 610 Cranes and Hoists
I. GeneralARTICLE 620 Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Platform Lifts, and Stairway Chairlifts
II. Wiring
III. Contact Conductors
IV. Disconnecting Means
V. Overcurrent Protection
VI. Control
VII. Grounding
I. GeneralARTICLE 625 Electric Vehicle Charging System
II. Conductors
III. Wiring
IV. Installation of Conductors
V. Traveling Cables
VI. Disconnecting Means and Control
VII. Overcurrent Protection
VIII. Machine Rooms, Control Rooms, Machinery Spaces, and Control Spaces
IX. Grounding
X. Emergency and Standby Power Systems
I. GeneralARTICLE 626 Electrified Truck Parking Spaces
II. Wiring Methods
III. Equipment Construction
IV. Control and Protection
V. Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Locations
I. GeneralARTICLE 630 Electric Welders
II. Electrified Truck Parking Space Electrical Wiring Systems
III. Electrified Truck Parking Space Supply Equipment
IV. Transport Refrigerated Units (TRUs)
I. GeneralARTICLE 640 Audio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction Equipment
II. Arc Welders
III. Resistance Welders
IV. Welding Cable
I. GeneralARTICLE 645 Information Technology Equipment
II. Permanent Audio System Installations
III. Portable and Temporary Audio System Installations
TIAARTICLE 647 Sensitive Electronic Equipment
ARTICLE 650 Pipe Organs
ARTICLE 660 X-Ray Equipment
I. GeneralARTICLE 665 Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment
II. Control
III. Transformers and Capacitors
IV. Guarding and Grounding
I. GeneralARTICLE 668 Electrolytic Cells
II. Guarding, Grounding, and Labeling
ARTICLE 669 Electroplating
ARTICLE 670 Industrial Machinery
ARTICLE 675 Electrically Driven or Controlled Irrigation Machines
I. GeneralARTICLE 680 Swimming Pools, Fountains, and Similar Installations
II. Center Pivot Irrigation Machines
I. GeneralARTICLE 682 Natural and Artificially Made Bodies of Water
II. Permanently Installed Pools
III. Storable Pools
IV. Spas and Hot Tubs
V. Fountains
VI. Pools and Tubs for Therapeutic Use
VII. Hydromassage Bathtubs
I. GeneralARTICLE 685 Integrated Electrical Systems
II. Installation
III. Grounding and Bonding
I. GeneralARTICLE 690 Solar Photovoltaic Systems
II. Orderly Shutdown
I. GeneralARTICLE 692 Fuel Cell Systems
II. Circuit Requirements
III. Disconnecting Means
IV. Wiring Methods
V. Grounding
VI. Marking
VII. Connection to Other Sources
VIII. Storage Batteries
IX. Systems over 600 Volts
I. GeneralARTICLE 695 Fire Pumps
II. Circuit Requirements
III. Disconnecting Means
IV. Wiring Methods
V. Grounding
VI. Marking
VII. Connection to Other Circuits
VIII. Outputs Over 600 Volts
Chapter 7 Special Conditions
ARTICLE 700 Emergency Systems
I. GeneralARTICLE 701 Legally Required Standby Systems
II. Circuit Wiring
III. Sources of Power
IV. Emergency System Circuits for Lighting and Power
V. Control - Emergency Lighting Circuits
VI. Overcurrent Protection
I. GeneralARTICLE 702 Optional Standby Systems
II. Circuit Wiring
III. Sources of Power
IV. Overcurrent Protection
I. GeneralARTICLE 705 Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources
II. Circuit Wiring
III. Grounding
IV. Sources of Power
I. GeneralARTICLE 708 Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS)
II. Utility-Interactive Inverters
III. Generators
I. GeneralARTICLE 720 Circuits and Equipment Operating at Less Than 50 Volts
II. Circuit Wiring and Equipment
III. Power Sources and Connection
IV. Overcurrent Protection
V. System Performance and Analysis
ARTICLE 725 Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits
I. GeneralARTICLE 727 Instrumentation Tray Cable: Type ITC
II. Class 1 Circuits
III. Class 2 and Class 3 Circuits
IV. Listing Requirements
ARTICLE 760 Fire Alarm Systems
I. GeneralARTICLE 770 Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways
II. NonPower-Limited Fire Alarm (NPLFA) Circuits
III. Power-Limited Fire Alarm (PLFA) Circuits
IV. Listing Requirements
I. General
II. Cables Outside and Entering Buildings.
III. Protection
IV. Grounding Methods
V. Installation Methods Within Buildings
VI. Listing Requirements
Chapter 8 Communications Systems
ARTICLE 800 Communications Circuits
I. GeneralARTICLE 810 Radio and Television Equipment
II. Wires and Cables Outside and Entering Buildings
III. Protection
IV. Grounding Methods
V. Installation Methods Within Buildings
VI. Listing Requirements
I. GeneralARTICLE 820 Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems
II. Receiving Equipment - Antenna Systems
III. Amateur Transmitting and Receiving Stations - Antenna Systems
IV. Interior Installation - Transmitting Stations
I. GeneralARTICLE 830 Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems
II. Coaxial Cables Outside and Entering Buildings
III. Protection
IV. Grounding Methods
V. Installation Methods Within Buildings
VI. Listing Requirements
I. General
II. Cables Outside and Entering Buildings
III. Protection
IV. Grounding Methods
V. Installation Methods Within Buildings
VI. Listing Requirements
Chapter 9 Tables
Annex A Product Safety Standards
Annex B Application Information for Ampacity Calculation
Annex C Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the Same Size
Annex D Examples
Annex E Types of Construction
Annex F Availability and Reliability for Critical Operations Power Systems; and Development and Implementation of Functional Performance Tests (FPTs) for Critical Operations Power Systems
Annex G Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA).
Annex H Administration and Enforcement
Formal Interpretations
Tentative Interim Amendment
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z