12.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table and for dimensional tolerances, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.

Property

Rounded Unit for Observed or
Calculated Value

Chemical composition

Hardness

nearest unit in the last right-hand

Electrical resistivity

significant digit used in expressing the

Electrical conductivity

limiting value

Tensile strength

nearest ksi [5 MPa]

Yield strength

Elongation:

nearest 1 %

Grain size:

 Under 0.060 mm

nearest multiple of 0.005 mm

 0.060 mm and over

nearest 0.01 mm

This specification establishes the general requirements common to wrought copper and copper alloy rods, bars, shapes, and forgings. Products shall be manufactured by hot working, cold working, or both, and finished by cold working, annealing, or heat treatment and straightening as identified necessary to meet the properties specified. Materials shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (mass, diameter, length, straightness, and edge contours), mechanical (tensile strength, Rockwell hardness, elongation, and hydrogen embrittlement), electrical resistivity, chemical composition, and grain size requirements. The products shall also meet performance requirements when subjected to residual stress, mercurous nitrate, ammonia vapor, and semiguided bend tests. In the event of conflict between this specification and the individual casting product specifications, the requirements of the casting specification shall take precedence.

1.1 This specification2 establishes the general requirements common to wrought copper and copper alloy rod, bar, shapes, and forgings which shall apply to Specifications B16/B16M, B21/B21M, B98/B98M, B124/B124M, B138/B138M, B139/B139M, B140/B140M, B150/B150M, B151/B151M, B187/B187M, B196/B196M, B283/B283M, B301/B301M, B371/B371M, B411/B411M, B441, B453/B453M, B455, B570, B870, B927/B927M, B929, B967/B967M, B974/B974M, and B981/B981M to the extent referenced therein.

1.2 The chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and all other requirements not included in this specification are prescribed in the product specification.

1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.

1.3.1 Within the text the SI values are given in brackets.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.