Значение и использование

4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner and the owner's engineer in preparing project specifications.

est method can assist in the development of improved grinding-damage-tolerant ceramic materials. It may also be used for quality control purposes to monitor and assure the consistency of a grinding process in the fabrication of parts from advanced ceramic materials. The test method is applicable to grinding methods that generate a planar surface and is not directly applicable to grinding methods that produce non-planar surfaces such as cylindrical and centerless grinding.

Область применения

1.1 This practice covers the installation of precast concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.

1.2 This practice is the SI companion to Practice C1479.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

s="caveat">1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

in this standard. The baseline flexure strength is expected to approximate closely the inherent strength of the material. The flexure strength is measured by means of ASTM standard flexure test methods.

FIG. 1 Microcracks Associated with Grinding (Ref. 1)

1.2 Flexure test methods used to determine the effect of surface grinding are C1161 Test Method for Flexure Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures and C1211 Test Method for Flexure Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures.

1.3 Materials covered in this standard are those advanced ceramics that meet criteria specified in flexure testing standards C1161 and C1211.

1.4 The flexure test methods supporting this standard (C1161 and C1211) require specimens that have a rectangular cross section, flat surfaces, and that are fabricated with specific dimensions and tolerances. Only grinding processes that are capable of generating the specified flat surfaces, i.e. planar grinding modes, are suitable for evaluation by this method. Among the applicable machine types are horizontal and vertical spindle reciprocating surface grinders, horizontal and vertical spindle rotary surface grinders, double disk grinders, and tool-and-cutter grinders. Incremental cross-feed, plunge, and creep-feed grinding methods may be used.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.