4.1 These test methods provide accurate and reliable analytical procedures to determine the chemical constituents of limestone, quicklime, and hydrated lime (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents which determine a material's quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.

4.2 Because quicklime and hydrated lime quickly absorb water and carbon dioxide from the air, precision and bias are extremely dependent upon precautions taken during sample preparation and analysis to minimize excessive exposure to ambient conditions.

Note 1: These test methods can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-calcium and dolomitic limestone, quicklime, and hydrated lime. These test methods are classified as either standard (preferred) or alternative (optional).

1.2 The standard test methods are those that employ classical gravimetric or volumetric analytical procedures and are typically those required for referee analyses where chemical specification requirements are an essential part of contractual agreement between buyer and seller.

1.3 Alternative or optional test methods are provided for those who wish to use procedures shorter or more convenient than the standard methods for the routine determinations of certain constituents. Optional test methods may sometimes be preferred to the standard test methods, but frequently the use of modern and expensive instrumentation is indicated which may not be accessible to everyone. Therefore, the use of these test methods must be left to the discretion of each laboratory.

1.4 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:

Section

     Aluminum Oxide 

15

     Available Lime Index 

28

     Calcium and Magnesium Oxide:

      Alternative EDTA Titration Method 

31

     Calcium Carbonate Equivalent 

33

     Calcium Oxide:

      Gravimetric Method 

16

      Volumetric Method 

17

     Carbon Dioxide by Standard Method 

22

     Combined Oxides of Iron and Aluminum 

12

     Ferrous Iron 

Appendix X5

     Free Calcium Oxide 

Appendix X6

     Free Moisture in Hydrated Lime 

21

     Free Moisture in Limestone 

20

     Free Silica 

29

     Insoluble Matter Including Silicon Dioxide:

      Standard Method 

 8

      Optional Perchloric Acid Method 

 9

     Insoluble Matter Other Than Silicon Dioxide 

11

     Loss on Ignition 

19

     Magnesium Oxide 

18

     Manganese:

      Bismuthate Method 

Appendix X4

      Periodate (Photometric) Method 

27

     pH Determination of Alkaline Earth Solutions 

34

     Phosphorus:

      Titrimetric Method 

Appendix X3

      Molybdovanadate Method 

26

     Silicon Dioxide 

10

     Strontium Oxide 

Appendix X2

     Sulfur Trioxide 

23

     Total Carbon:

      Direct Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Cell
      Method

32

     Total Carbon and Sulfur:

      Combustion/Infrared Detection Method 

35

     Total Iron:

      Standard Method, Potassium Dichromate
      Titration 

13

      Potassium Permanganate Titration Method 

Appendix X1

      Ortho-Phenanthroline, Photometric Method 

14

     Total Sulfur:

      Sodium Carbonate Fusion 

24

      Combustion-Iodate Titration Method 

25

      Unhydrated Oxides 

30

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 9.3, 10.2.1, 18.4.3, 31.6.4.2, X2.3.1, and X5.4.1.1.

1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.