Значение и использование

5.1 The round robin testing on which the precision and bias for this test method have been determined employed a range of graphites (see Table 2) whose grain sizes were of the order of 1 mil to ¹/₄ in. (0.0254 to 6.4 mm) and larger. This wide range of carbons and graphites can be tested with uniform gauge diameters with minimum parasitic stresses to provide quality data for use in engineering applications rather than simply for quality control. This test method can be easily adapted to elevated temperature testing of carbons and graphites without changing the specimen size or configuration by simply utilizing elevated temperature materials for the load train. This test method has been utilized for temperatures as high as 4352°F (2400°C). The design of the fixtures (Figs. 2-9 and Table 1) and description of the procedures are intended to bring about, on the average, parasitic stresses of less than 5 %. The specimens for the different graphites have been designed to ensure fracture within the gauge section commensurate with experienced variability in machining and testing care at different facilities. The constant gauge diameter permits rigorous analytical treatment.

5.2 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physical property differences within parent materials. Exact sampling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons. See also Test Methods C565.

Область применения

1.1 This test method covers the testing of carbon and graphite in tension to obtain the tensile stress-strain behavior, to failure, from which the ultimate strength, the strain to failure, and the elastic moduli may be calculated as may be required for engineering applications. Table 2 lists suggested sizes of specimens that can be used in the tests.

TABLE 1 List of Materials Shown in Fig. 2

Assembly

Item

Quantity

Name, Description, Material

1A

101

2

Crosshead attachment yoke—1 dia x 4 long—416 or 440 S.S.

¹/₂ in. ^A grips ^B,C

102

2

Chain—³/₁₆  dia, 700 pound tensile limit, 10 links long—Carbon Steel

 

103

4

Chain journal—⁹/₁₆ dia x ¹/₂ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

104

4

Pin—³/₁₆ dia x 1—Std Dowel

 

105

2

Grip attachment yoke—1 dia x 2⁵/₈ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

106

2

Pin—¹/₄ shank dia with ¹/₂ dia x ³/₄ long knurled head, total length
 2¹/₂ , taper first half inch at 10°—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

107

2

Grip sleeve—1¹/₂  dia x 2⁵/₁₆ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

108

2

Split sleeve—1 dia x 1 long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

109

1

Specimen—0.510 dia x 4³/₄ long—Carbon

 

110

 

Not Used

1B

. . .

2

Item 101—Crosshead attachment yoke

³/₄ in. ^A grips

. . .

2

Item 102—Chain

 

. . .

4

Item 103—Chain journal

 

. . .

4

Item 104—Pin

 

. . .

2

Item 105—Grip attachment yoke

 

. . .

2

Item 106—Pin

 

111

2

Grip sleeve—1¹/₂ dia x 2⁵/₁₆ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

112

2

Split sleeve—1 dia x 1 long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

113

1

Specimen—0.760 dia x 4³/₄ long—Carbon

 

114

 

Not Used

1C

115

2

Crosshead attachment yoke—1¹/₂ dia x 4 long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

1¹/₄ in. ^A grips

116

2

Chain—³/₈ dia, 5100 pound tensile limit, 10 links long—Carbon Steel

 

117

4

Chain journal—⁵/₈ dia x ⁵/₈ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

118

4

Pin—³/₈ dia x 1¹/₂ long—Std Dowel

 

119

2

Grip attachment yoke—1¹/₂ dia x 2⁵/₈ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

120

2

Pin—¹/₂ shank dia with ³/₄ dia x ³/₄ long knurled head, total length
 4¹/₄ , taper first half inch at 10°—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

121

2

Grip sleeve—1⁷/₈ dia x 3⁵/₈ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

122

2

Split sleeve—1¹/₂ dia x 2¹/₄ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

123

1

Specimen—1¹/₄ dia x 9³/₄ long—Carbon

 

124

 

Not Used

1D

. . .

2

Item 115—Crosshead attachment yoke

2 in. ^A grips

. . .

2

Item 116—Chain

 

. . .

4

Item 117—Chain journal

 

. . .

4

Item 118—Pin

 

125

2

Grip attachment yoke—2¹/₄ dia x 2⁵/₈ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

126

2

Pin—¹/₂ shank dia with ³/₄ dia x ³/₄ long knurled head, total length
 4¹/₄ , taper first half inch at 10°—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

127

2

Grip sleeve—2³/₄ dia x 5¹/₂ long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

128

2

Split sleeve—2¹/₄ dia x 4 long—416 or 440 S.S.^D

 

129

1

Specimen—2.000 dia x 14³/₈ long—Carbon

 

130

 

Not Used

^A 1 in. is equal to 25.4 mm.^B Preload chain to yield using a load time recording.^C Commercially available.^D Or alternative high strength stainless steel.TABLE 2 Sample Sizes Used in Round-Robin Tests (Suggested Specimen Size)^A

Material^B

Max Grain Size, in.

Sample, in.

Specimen
Size, in.

Recommended
Shank and
Maximum Gauge,
in.

AXM-50

0.001

5 by 5 by 5, molded

¹/₂ by 0.200^C

¹/₂ by ³/₁₆ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

9326

0.001

20 by 10 by 2, molded

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by 0.3

 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ³/₁₆ ^C

 

 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ³/₁₆ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

9326A

0.001

20 by 10 by 2, molded

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

¹/₂ by ³/₁₆ 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by 0.3

³/₄ by 0.3

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 ATJ

0.006

13, rounds, molded

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

HLM

0.033

molded, 10 by 18 by 25

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 CS

0.030

10, rounds, extruded

2 by 1

 

 

 

 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

³/₄ by ³/₈ 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

AGR

0.250

25, rounds, extruded

2 by 1

2 by 1

 

 

 

2 by 1

1¹/₄ by ⁵/₈ 

 

 

 

2 by 1

 

 

 

 

1¹/₄ by ⁵/₈ 

 

CGE

0.265

14, rounds, extruded

2 by 1¹/₄ 

 

 

 

 

 ³/₄ by ¹/₂ 

2 by 1

Graphitar

. . .

carbon-graphite, resin impregnated

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

Grade 86

 

 

 ¹/₂ by ¹/₄ ^C

¹/₂ by 0.2

 

 

 

 ¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

Purebon P-59

. . .

carbon-graphite, copper treated

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

³/₄ by ¹/₄ 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ ^C

¹/₂ by ³/₁₆ 

 

 

 

¹/₂ by ¹/₄ 

 

^A Based on Research Report RR:C05-1000 (see Section 11).^B Identity of suppliers available from ASTM International Headquarters.^C Gas-bearings.Note 1—The results of about 400 tests, on file at ASTM as a research report, show the ranges of materials that have been tested, the ranges of specimen configurations, and the agreement between the testers. See Section 11.Note 2—For safety considerations, it is recommended that the chains be surrounded by suitable members so that at failure all parts of the load train behave predictably and do not constitute a hazard for the operator.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Conversions are not provided in the tables and figures.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.