Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key property in the identification, characterization, and quality control of a wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If the density is not within specification, there is a good chance that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.

This test method is suitable for the determination of density of paint and related products and components when in liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a density balance determination.

This test method provides for the maximum accuracy required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the directions for recalibration and consideration of temperature differentials, and using as the container a “weight-per-gallon” cup.

Automatic equipment for measuring density is available (see Test Method D 4052) from several manufacturers. Such apparatus has been used for resins and latices as well as for oils and solvents. Before such equipment is used for a given product, results must be checked very carefully. Particularly with paints, inks, and resins, there are possibilities of gumming, fouling, and other interferences with operation.

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of paints, inks, varnishes, lacquers, and components thereof, other than pigments, when in fluid form.

1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials), Test Method D 1963 can be used to determine specific gravity and, thence, density.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only,

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precaution statement is given in 8.1.1.1.