8.1 In the buyer-seller relationship it is necessary that an understanding exists as to the expected nominal characteristics of the product, and the magnitude of permissible departure from the nominal values. Also, it is necessary that an agreement be reached as to how many units of a lot can fall outside of the specification limits without rejection of the lot. It is this latter subject that is addressed by this test method.

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing untreated paper to be used as an electrical insulator or as a constituent of a composite material used for electrical insulating purposes.

1.1.1 Untreated papers are thin, fibrous sheets normally laid down from a water suspension of pulped fibers (usually cellulosic) with or without various amounts of nonfibrous ingredients, and which are calendared, if required, to obtain desired thickness and density. Nevertheless, these test methods are applicable, generally although not invariably, to papers formed by other means, to papers modified (during or after formation) by additions, and to papers given subsequent mechanical treatments such as creping.

1.1.2 As an electrical insulating and dielectric material, paper is considered “untreated” until it is subjected to a manufacturing process such as drying, impregnation, or varnish treatment.

1.1.3 The test methods given herein were developed specifically for papers having a thickness of 0.75 mm (0.030 in.) or less. A number of these test methods are also suitable for use on other materials such as pulps or boards. Refer to Test Methods D3376 or D3394 to determine which tests are applicable to pulps or electrical insulating boards. In the paper industry, some products in thicknesses of less than 0.75 mm are termed “paperboard”. Such products are included within the scope of these methods.

1.1.4 These test methods are applicable to flexible fibrous-mat materials formed from suspensions of fiber in fluids other than water. Thicknesses of these mats approach 2 mm, and the fibers contained are possibly natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; fillers that are natural, synthetic, organic, or inorganic; and flexible polymeric binder materials.

1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:

Procedure

Sections

ASTM or TAPPI Reference
(Modified)

Absorption (Rise of Water)

78 to 83

. . .

Acidity-Alkalinity-pH

45 to 54

E70

Air Resistance

98 to 101

D726

Aqueous Extract Conductivity

55 to 64

. . .

Ash Content

40 to 44

D586

Bursting Strength

102 to 107

D774/D774M

Chlorides (Water-Extractable)

165 to 183

. . .

Conditioning

15

D6054

Conducting Paths

138 to 151

. . .

Density, Apparent

29 to 33

. . .

Dielectric Strength

152 to 157

D149

Dimensions of Sheet, Rolls and Cores

16 to 24

D374

Dissipation Factor and Permittivity

158 to 164

D150

Edge-Tearing Resistance

126 to 130

D827

Fiber Analysis

74 to 77

D1030

Folding Endurance

108 to 110

T 423 and D2176

Grammage

25 to 28

D646

Permittivity

158 to 164

D150

Heat Stability in Air

131 to 137

D827

Impregnation Time

84 to 91

. . .

Internal-Tearing Resistance

121 to 125

D689 or T 414

Moisture Content

34 to 39

D644 and D3277

Particulate Copper

193 to 202

. . .

Particulate Iron

184 to 192

. . .

Reagents

4

D1193

Reports

14

E29

Sampling

6 to 13

D3636

Silver Tarnishing by Paper and Paperboard

203 to 206

T 444

Solvent-Soluble Matter

65 to 73

. . .

Surface Friction

92 to 97

D528 and T 455

Tensile Properties

111 to 120

D76, E4

Thickness (see Dimensions)

16 to 24

D374

1.3 The tests for Holes and Felt Hair Inclusions and the Stain Test for Fine Pores, have been removed from this compilation of test methods. These test methods were specific to grades of capacitor paper formerly covered by Specification D1930, which has been withdrawn.

Note 1: This compilation of test methods is closely related to IEC Publication 60554-2. Not all of the individual methods included herein are included in IEC 60554-2, nor are all of the methods in IEC 60554-2 included in this standard. The individual procedures as described in the two standards are in general sufficiently close to each other that it is reasonable to expect that test results obtained by most of the procedures specified in either standard will not differ significantly. However, before assuming that a procedure in these test methods is exactly equivalent to an IEC 60554-2 procedure, the written procedures must be compared closely, and if it seems advisable, test results by the two procedures are compared.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 43.2.1, 71.1, 143.1, 148.1 and 156.1 for specific hazards.

1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.