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5.1 A knowledge of the composition of refinery gases is useful in diagnosing the source of plant upsets, in determining the suitability of certain gas streams for use as fuel, or as feedstocks for polymerization and alkylation, and for monitoring the quality of commercial gases.
Область применения1.1 This test method covers the quantitative analysis of gases containing specific combinations of the following components: hydrogen; hydrocarbons with up to six carbon atoms per molecule; carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; mercaptans with one or two carbon atoms per molecule; hydrogen sulfide; and air (nitrogen, oxygen, and argon). This test method cannot be used for the determination of constituents present in amounts less than 0.1 mole %. Dimethylbutanes are assumed absent unless specifically sought.
Note 1: Although experimental procedures described herein are uniform, calculation procedures vary with application. The following influences guide the selection of a particular calculation: qualitative mixture composition; minimum error due to components presumed absent; minimum cross interference between known components; maximum sensitivity to known components; low frequency and complexity of calibration; and type of computing machinery.
Because of these influences, a tabulation of calculation procedures recommended for stated applications is presented in Section 12 (Table 1).
Serial No. . . . . . . . . . .
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Name or Application
Commercial
Propane
Commercial
Butane
BB Stream
(Cracked
Butanes)
Dry Gas
Cracked
Fuel Gas
Mixed Iso
and Normal
Butanes
Reformer
Make-Up
Gas
Unstabi-
lized Fuel
Gas
Component
O
P
M
O
P
M
OC
PC
M
O
P
M
O
P
M
O
P
M
OC
PC
M
Hydrogen
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
15
2
M
...
...
...
10
2
M
16
2
M
Methane
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14
16
M
...
...
...
9
16
M
15
16
M
EthyleneE
7
26
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
12
26
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
13
26
M
Ethane
6
30
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
30
M
...
...
...
7
30
M
12
30
M
Propene
5
42
M
7
42
M
6
42
M
10
42
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
8
42
M
Propane
3
44
M
4
44
M
4
44
M
7
44
M
3
44
M
5
44
M
6
44
M
Butadiene
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
54
M
3
54
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
54
M
Butene-1
1
56
M
1
56
M
7
41
M
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
9
41
M
Butene-2
1
56
M
1
56
M
8
56
M
1
56
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
10
56
M
Isobutene
1F
F
M
1
F
F
9
39
M
1
F
...
4
43
M
...
...
...
11
39
M
Isobutane
4
43
M
5
43
M
5
43
M
8
43
M
1
58
M
6
43
M
7
43
M
n-Butane
2
58
M
2
58
M
2
58
M
4
58
M
...
...
...
2
58
M
3
58
M
Pentenes
...
...
...
6
70
M
G
70
U
9
70
M
...
...
...
3
57
M
...
70
U
Isopentane
...
...
...
3
57
M
3
57
M
5
57
M
2
57
M
4
72
M
4
57
M
n-Pentane
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
6
72
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
72
M
Benzene
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
H
H
D
Hexanes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
H
H
D
C6 cyclic paraffins
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
H
H
D
Hexanes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
H
H
D
Toluene
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
H
H
D
Hydrogen sulfide
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
I
...
C
...
...
...
I
I
C
I
I
C
Carbon dioxide
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
I
...
C
...
...
...
I
I
C
I
I
C
Carbon monoxide
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
13
28
M
...
...
...
8
28
M
14
28
M
Nitrogen
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Air
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
32
M
...
...
...
1
32
M
1
32
M
Acid Gases
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
I
...
C
...
...
...
I
I
C
I
I
C
ResidualE
8
27
M
8
27
M
10
27
M
16
14
M
5
27
M
11
14
M
17
14
M
ResidualE
9
29
M
9
29
M
11
29
M
17
15
M
6
29
M
12
15
M
18
15
M
ResidualE
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
18
27
M
...
...
...
13
27
M
19
27
M
ResidualE
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
19
29
M
...
...
...
14
29
M
20
29
M
Serial No. . . . . . . . . . .
14
15
16
Name or Application
H2-C6 Cracked Gas
H2-C6 Straight Run Gas
Light Refinery Gas
Component
O
P
M
O
P
M
O
P
M
Hydrogen
1
2
M
1
2
M
20
2
U
Methane
2
16
M
2
16
M
17
16
M
Ethylene
4
26
M
...
...
...
14
26
M
Ethane
7
30
M
5
30
M
13
30
M
Propene
11
42
M
...
...
...
12
42
M
Propane
6
29
M
4
29
M
10
29
M
Butadiene
15
54
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
Butane-1
...
...
...
...
...
...
11
56
M
Butene-2
16
56
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
Isobutene
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Isobutane
12
43
M
9
43
M
9
43
M
n-Butane
18
58
M
14
58
M
8
58
M
Pentenes
21
70
M
...
...
...
15
70
M
Isopentane
17
57
M
13
57
M
7
57
M
n-Pentane
22
72
M
18
72
M
6
72
M
Benzene
...
...
...
19
78
M
5
78
U
Hexanes
23
84
M
...
...
...
4
84
U
C6 cyclic paraffins
...
...
...
20
84
M
...
...
...
Hexanes
...
...
...
17
71
M
3
86
U
Toluene
...
...
...
21
92
M
...
...
...
Hydrogen sulfide
9
34
M
7
34
M
1
34
U
Carbon dioxide
13
44
M
10
44
M
16
44
U
Carbon monoxide
...
...
...
...
...
...
18
12
U
Nitrogen
5
28
M
...
...
...
19
28
U
Air
8
32
M
6
32
M
2
32
U
Water
3
18
M
3
18
M
...
...
...
Cyclobutane
...
...
...
12
56
M
...
...
...
Cyclopentene
20
67
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
Pentadienes
20
67
M
...
...
...
...
...
...
Cyclopentane
...
...
...
16
70
M
...
...
...
Methylmercaptan
14
48
M
11
48
M
...
...
...
Ethylmercaptan
19
62
M
15
62
M
...
...
...
Residual 41
10
41
M
8
41
M
...
...
...
Residual 14
24
14
M
22
14
M
...
...
...
(A) Method D1137.(B) Method D1302.(C) The mass spectrometer analysis for isomeric butenes is far less accurate than for the other hydrocarbon components. The inaccuracies involved in the isomeric butene analysis by mass spectrometer range from 1.0 to 4.0 mole %, depending upon the concentration, ranges, and extent of drifts in instrument calibrations. These inaccuracies will range still higher when pentenes are present in larger than 0.5 % concentrations. See Analytical Chemistry, Vol 22, 1950, p. 991; Ibid, Vol 21, 1949, p. 547; and Ibid , Vol 21, 1949, p. 572.(D) In Method 4, butylenes and pentenes spectra are composites based on typical GLC analyses. Hexene and hexane spectra are from appropriately corrected spectra of representative fractions.(E) Residuals Groups A: m/e 72, 58, 57, 44, 43; Group B: m/e 56, 42, 30, 29, 14. All Group A residual shall be 0.2 division or less with the residual of the largest peak also being less than 0.3 % of its total peak height. All Group B residuals shall be less than 1 % of the peak height or 0.2 division, whichever is greater.(F) Butenes are grouped if they are less than 5 %.(G) If pentenes exceed 1 %, they are determined by other means and the spectrum removed from the poly spectrum.(H) Removed from sample by distillation.(I) Chemically removed.Note 2: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Users of other instruments may have to modify operating parameters and the calibration procedure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.