8.1 The conductivity of the water extract of electrical grade pulp results from electrolytic impurities in the pulp potentially present as ionizable acids, bases, salts, or a combination of these. The presence of electrolytic impurities in electrical insulation is undesirable as they tend to lower insulation resistance and have corrosion-producing tendencies under conditions of applied potential. When comparing test data, note that the extract conductivity of pulps, especially those of high purity, changes with time after manufacturing in some instances. This test is useful for routine acceptance testing, the comparison of different pulps, and research work.6

1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.

Note 1: Consider the significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, with discretion depending on the product made from the pulp.

1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow.

1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed from the pulp.

1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:

Procedure

Sections

ASTM
Method
Reference

TAPPI
Method
Reference

Aqueous Extract Conductivity

8 & 9

D202

. . .

Aqueous Extract pH

10 & 11

D202

. . .

Aqueous Extractable Acidity-
     Alkalinity

12 & 13

D202

. . .

Analysis of Ash for Cations by
     Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

70 – 78

D1193 & D2576

. . .

Ash Content

79 – 82

D202

T 413

Dirt in Pulp

40 & 41

. . .

T 213

Fiber Analysis

23 & 24

D202 & D1030

. . .

Fiber Length of Pulp

42 & 43

. . .

T 232, T 233

Freeness (Canadian Standard
     Freeness)

53 & 54

. . .

T 227

Kappa Number/Permanganate
     Number (Substances Oxidizable
     by Permanganate)

27 & 28

. . .

T 236, UM 251

Laboratory Processing of Pulp
     (Beater Method)

51 & 52

. . .

T 200

Moisture in Pulp

31 – 33

. . .

T 210

Neutral Aqueous Extractable  Hard-
     ness in Pulp

16 – 22

D202, D1126, & D2576

. . .

Pentosan Content of Pulp

29 & 30

. . .

T 223

Resistance of Pulp to Disintegration
     (Standard RPG)

44 – 50

. . .

T 239, UM 252

Shive Count

34 – 39

. . .

. . .

Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp

25 & 26

D202

. . .

Tensile Properties

65 – 69

D202

. . .

Water-Extractable Chlorides

14 & 15

D202

. . .

1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:

Procedure

Sections

ASTM
Method
Reference

TAPPI
Method
Reference

Air Resistance (Porosity)

57 & 58

D202

T 205

Apparent Density

63 & 64

D202

T 205

Bursting Strength

59 & 60

D202 & D774/D774M

T 205

Folding Endurance (M.I.T.)

51 & 52

D202 & D2176

T 205

Forming Handsheets for Physical
     Tests of Pulp

55 & 56

. . .

T 205

Tensile Strength

65 & 66

D202 & D828

T 205

Note 2: Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for addition as methods are developed.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.