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This guide covers the selection and use of test methods for high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC) designed for wall surfaces of steel, masonry (poured concrete, concrete block, or cinder block), and plaster or gypsum wallboard. HIPAC are tough, extra-durable organic coating systems applied as continuous (seamless) film and cure to a hard finish. HIPAC are not usually intended for ceilings and floors, and would not ordinarily be used in homes. The types of resin ordinarily used are epoxy-polyamide, two-package; polyester-epoxy, twopackage; and polyurethane, one-package or two-package. Practical requirements for HIPAC vary with substrate type and climate conditions. The tests for measuring the properties enumerated below are detailed. Liquid coating properties include: (1) skinning, (2) condition in container, (3) coarse particles and foreign matter, (4) density or weight per gallon, (5) fineness of dispersion, (6) odor, (7) flash point, (8) dilution stability, (9) volatile content, (10) free diisocyanate content, and (11) package stability. Coating application and film formation properties include: (1) brush, roller, and spray application properties, (2) rheological properties, (3) curing, (4) wet-film thickness, and (5) touch-up uniformity. Dry coating appearance includes: (1) color difference, (2) directional reference, (3) gloss, (4) hiding power, and (5) yellowness index. Dry coating properties include: (1) abrasion resistance, (2) adhesion, (3) impact resistance, (4) chemical resistance, (5) washability and cleansability, (6) mildew resistance, (7) perspiration resistance, (8) heat and cold resistance, (9) heat and humidity resistance, (10) fire hazards, and (11) dry-film thickness.

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1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of test methods for high-performance interior architectural wall coatings (HIPAC) that differ from more conventional coatings by being tougher, more stain-resistant, more abrasion-resistant and, ordinarily, designed to be applied to wall surfaces of steel, masonry (poured concrete, concrete block, or cinder block), and plaster or gypsum wallboard. The tests that are listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are designed to measure performance properties. These tests may not all be required for each HIPAC system. Selection of the test methods to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between the purchaser and the seller.

1.2 High-performance architectural coatings are tough, extra-durable organic coating systems that are applied as a continuous (seamless) film and cure to a hard finish. The finish can be high gloss, semigloss, or low gloss as desired. These coatings are resistant to persistent heat, humidity, abrasion, staining, chemicals, and fungus growth. They are used in areas where humidity, wear, or unusual chemical resistance requirements, particularly to soiling, are required and where strong detergents are used to maintain sanitary conditions. Halls and stairways in public buildings, lavatories, stall showers, locker areas, animal pens, and biological laboratories are typical applications. In addition, food processing plants, dairies, restaurants, schools, and transport terminals frequently use HIPAC systems. These are effective in many areas of building interiors compared with tile and are of low materials and maintenance costs. They are used as a complete system only as recommended by the manufacturer since the individual coats in a system are formulated to be compatible with each other. HIPAC systems should be applied only to properly prepared surfaces such as steel or masonry, including cinder blocks and cement blocks. They can be applied over plaster and gypsum wallboard. Ordinarily, a prime or fill coat, if required, is part of the system.

1.3 While they are excellent for walls, HIPAC are not usually intended for ceilings and floors. They would not ordinarily be used in homes, although parents with small children might want to use HIPAC coatings on some walls.

1.4 The types of resin ordinarily used are the following: epoxy-polyamide, two-package; polyester-epoxy, two-package; polyurethane, one-package or two-package. However, other resin types are not excluded provided they can meet the requirements (performance specifications) laid down by the purchaser.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional Order

Property
(or Related Test)

Section

 ASTM
Test Method

Federal
Test
Method
Standard
No. 141

Sampling:

5.2

D3925

...

Liquid Paint Properties:

 

 

 

 Skinning

7.1

D154

 

 Condition in container

7.2

...

3011

 Coarse particles and foreign matter

7.3

D185

 

 Density or weight per gallon

7.4

D1475

 

 Fineness of dispersion

7.5

D1210

 

 Flash point

7.7

D93, D3278

 

 Dilution stability

7.8

...

4203

 Volatile content

7.9

D2369

...

 Free diisocyanate content

7.10

D3432

...

 Package stability

7.11

 

 

 Heat stability

7.11.1

D1849

 

 Settling

7.11.2

D869

 

 Color Acceptance

7.12

D5326

 

Coating Application and Film Formation:

 

 

 

 Application properties

8.1

...

4541

 Brush application

8.1.1

...

2141

 Brush drag

8.1.1.1

D4958

...

 Roller application

8.1.2

...

2112

 Roller spatter

8.1.2.1

D4707

...

 Spray application

8.1.3

...

2131

 Open time

8.1.4

D7488

 

 Rheological properties

8.2

...

...

 Consistency (low-shear viscosity)

8.2.1

D562

...

 Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids

8.2.2

D2196, D4287

...

 Sag resistance

8.2.3

D4400

...

 Leveling properties

8.2.4

D4062

...

 Curing properties

8.3

...

...

 Wet-film thickness

8.4

D1212

...

 Touch-up uniformity

8.5

D3928, D7489

 

 Low Temperature Coalescence

8.6

D3793, D7306

 

 Enamel holdout

8.7

D7786

 

Appearance of Dry Coating:

 

 

 

 Color appearance

9.1.1

...

...

 Color differences by visual comparison

9.1.2

D1729

...

 Color differences using instrumental
  measurements

9.1.3

D2244

...

 Directional reflectance

9.2

E1347

...

 Gloss, 60°

9.3

D523

...

 Hiding power

9.4

D344, D2805, D5150

...

 Yellowness index

9.5

E313

 

Properties of Dry Film:

 

 

 

 Abrasion resistance

10.1

D4060

...

 Adhesion

10.2

D4541

...

 Wet Adhesion

10.2.1

D6900

6301

 Impact resistance

10.3

D2794

...

 Chemical resistance

10.4

D1308

...

 Washability and cleansability

10.5

...

...

 Washability

10.5.1

D2486, D4213

...

 Cleansability

10.5.2

D3450, D4828

...

 Stainblocking

10.6

D7514

 

 Mildew resistance

10.7

D3273

...

 Perspiration resistance

10.8

...

...

 Heat and cold resistance

10.9

D1211

...

 Heat and humidity resistance

10.10

D2247

...

 Fire hazards

10.11

E84

 

 Dry-film thickness

10.12

D1005, D1186, D1400

 

 Burnish Resistance

10.13

D6736

 

TABLE 2 Alphabetical List of Test Methods

Test Method

Section

 ASTM
Test Method

Federal Test
Method
Standard
No. 141

Abrasion resistance

10.1

D4060

 

Adhesion

10.2

D4541

...

Application properties

8.1

...

4541

Brush application

8.1.1

...

2141

Brush drag

8.1.1.1

D4958

...

Burnish Resistance

10.13

D6736

 

Chemical resistance

10.4

D1308^A

...

Cleansability

10.5.2

D3450, D4828

...

Coarse particles and foreign matter

7.3

D185

 

Color Acceptance

7.12

D5326

 

Color appearance

9.1.1

...

...

Color differences by visual comparison

9.1.2

D1729

...

Color differences using instrumental
 measurements

9.1.3

D2244

...

Condition in container

7.2

...

3011

Consistency (low-shear viscosity)

8.2.1

D562

...

Curing properties

8.3

...

...

Density or weight per gallon

7.4

D1475

...

Dilution stability

7.8

...

4203

Directional reflectance

8.2

E1347

...

Dry-film thickness

10.12

D1005, D1186, D1400

...

Enamel holdout

8.7

D7786

 

Fineness of dispersion

7.5

D1210

...

Fire hazards

10.11

E84

 

Flash point

7.7

D93, D3278

...

Free diisocyanate content

7.10

D3432

 

Gloss (60-deg specular)

9.3

D523

 

Heat and cold resistance

10.9

D1211^A

...

Heat and humidity resistance

10.10

D2247^A

...

Heat stability

7.11.1

D1849

 

Hiding power

9.4

D344, D2805, D5150

...

Impact resistance

10.3

...

...

Leveling properties

8.2.4

D4062

...

Low Temperature Coalescence

8.6

D3793, D7306

...

Mildew resistance

10.7

D3273

...

Open time of latex

8.1.4

D7488

 

Package stability

7.11

 

Perspiration resistance

10.8

...

...

Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids

8.2.2

D2196, D4287

...

Roller application

8.1.2

...

2112

Roller spatter

8.1.2.1

D4707

...

Sag resistance

8.2.3

D4400

...

Sampling

5.2

D3925

...

Settling

7.11.2

D869

 

Skinning

7.1

D154

 

Spray application

8.3

...

2131

Stainblocking

10.6

D7514

 

Touch-up uniformity

8.5

D3928, D7489

 

Volatile content

7.9

D2369

...

Washability

10.5.1

D2486, D4213

...

Wet Adhesion

10.2.1

D6900

6301

Wet-film thickness

8.4

D1212

...

Yellowness index

9.5

E313

 

(A) Modified.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see the note in 7.6.

1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.