Значение и использование

Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.

Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure.

This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality.

This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.

Область применения

1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D 3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D 751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D 3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2.

1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).

1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1, Footnote A, and Appendix X3 for details.

1.4 This test method includes the following:

Change in Mass (after immersion)Section 10 Change in Volume (after immersion)Section 11 Dimensional-Change Method for Water-Insoluble Liq-
uids and Mixed Liquids
Section 12 Change in Mass with Liquid on One Surface OnlySection 13 Determining Mass of Soluble Matter Extracted by the
Liquid
Section 14 Change in Tensile Strength, Elongation and Hardness
(after immersion)
Section 15 Change in Breaking Resistance, Burst Strength, Tear
Strength and Adhesion for Coated Fabrics
Section 16 Calculation (of test results)Section 18

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of ASTM and IRM Reference Oils

PropertyASTM Oil No. 1^AASTM Oil No. 5IRM 901 IRM 902IRM 903ASTM Method Specified Properties: Aniline Point, °C (°F) 124 ± 1 (255 ± 2) 115 ± 1 (239± 2) 124 ± 1 (255 ± 2) 93 ± 3 (199 ± 5) 70± 1 (158 ± 2) D 611 Kinematic Viscosity (mm²/s [cSt]) 38°C (100°F) ... ... ... 31.9–34.1 D 445 99°C (210°F) 18.7–21.0 10.8–11.9 18.12–20.34 19.2–21.5 ... D 445 Gravity, API, 16°C (60°F) ... ... 28.8 ± 1 19.0–21.0 21.0–23.0 D 287 Viscosity-Gravity Constant ... ... 0.790–0.805 0.860–0.870 0.875–0.885 D 2140 Flash Point COC, °C (°F) 243 (469) min 243 (469) min 243(469) min 240 (464) min 163 (325) min D 92 Naphthenics, C_N (%) ... ... 27 (avg) 35 min 40 min D 2140 Paraffinics, C_P (%) ... ... 65 min 50 max 45 max D 2140 Typical Properties: Pour Point, °C (°F) ... −15 (5) −12 (10) −12 (10) −31 (−24) D 97 ASTM Color ... L 1.0 L 3.5 L 2.5 L 0.5 D 1500 Refractive Index ... 1.4808 1.4848 1.5105 1.5026 D 1747 UV Absorbance, 260 nm ... ... 0.8 4.0 2.2 D 2008 Aromatics, C_A (%) ... 4 3 12 14 D 2140

^A ASTM Oil No. 1 is no longer commercially available, the specifications are left in place for the purpose of reference until such time as an interlaboratory test program is conducted to determine precision and bias. Refer to Appendix X3.