pH measurements are typically made in solutions that contain relatively large amounts of acid, base, or dissolved salts. Under these conditions, pH determinations may be made quickly and precisely. Continuous on-line pH measurements in water samples of low conductivity are more difficult (4, 5). These low ionic strength solutions are susceptible to contamination from the atmosphere, sample stream hardware, and the pH electrodes. Variations in the constituent concentration of low conductivity waters cause liquid junction potential shifts (see 3.1.1) resulting in pH measurement errors. The aggressive nature and the high electrical resistance of pure and ultra-pure, low conductivity waters may degrade the pH measurement electrodes resulting in unstable and drifting pH output signals.

It is essential to make on-line pH measurements of low conductivity water as accurately as possible to determine the proper control of pH adjustment chemicals, the effectiveness of demineralizer equipment, the event and nature of impurity contamination of the water, and information pertaining to the overall status of the pure water system.

1.1 This test method covers the precise on-line determination of pH in water samples of conductivity lower than 100 [mu]S/cm (see Tables 1 and 2) over the pH range of 3 to 11 (see Fig. 1), under field operating conditions, utilizing a sealed, non-refillable, reference electrode. pH measurements of water of low conductivity are problematical for conventional pH electrodes, methods, and related measurement apparatus.

1.2 This test method includes the procedures and equipment required for the continuous pH measurement of low conductivity water sample streams including the requirements for the control of sample stream pressure, flow rate, and temperature.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.