Значение и использование

This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D 4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.

Область применения

1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D 4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).

1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:

Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus and Installation6 Intake Air System6.2.1 Exhaust System6.2.2 Fuel System6.2.3 Oil Consumption System6.2.4 Engine Oil System6.2.5 Oil Heating System6.2.5.1 Oil Sample Valve6.2.5.2 Engine Coolant System6.2.6 Engine Instrumentation6.2.7 Reagents and Materials7 Oil Samples8 Preparation of Apparatus9 General Engine Assembly Practices9.1 Complete Engine Inspection9.2 Copper Components9.3 Engine Lubricant System Flush9.4 Engine Piston Cooling Jets9.5 Engine Measurements and Inspections9.6 Cylinder Head9.7 Valve Guide Bushings9.8 Fuel Injector9.9 Piston and Rings9.10 Cylinder Liner9.11 Compression Ratio9.12 Engine Timing9.13 Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure9.14 Calibration and Standardization10 Test Cell Instrumentation10.1 Instrumentation Standards10.2 Coolant Flow10.3 Re-calibration Requirements10.4 Fuel Injectors10.5 Air Flow10.6 Intake Air Barrel10.7 Fuel Filter10.8 Oil Scale Flow Rates10.9 Calibration of Test Stands10.10 Extending Test Stand Calibration Period10.11 Test Run Numbering10.13 Humidity Calibration Requirements10.14 Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters10.15 Procedure11 Engine Break-in Procedure11.1 Cool-down Procedure11.2 Warm-up Procedure11.3 Shutdowns and Lost Time11.4 Periodic Measurements11.5 Engine Control Systems11.6 Engine Coolant11.6.1 Engine Fuel System11.6.2 Engine Oil Temperature11.6.3 Exhaust Pressure11.6.4 Intake Air11.6.5 Post-Test Procedures11.7 Piston Ring Side Clearances11.7.1 Piston Ratings11.7.2 Referee Ratings11.7.3 Ring End Gap Increase11.7.4 Cylinder Liner Wear11.7.5 Cylinder Liner Bore Polish11.7.6 Photographs11.7.7 Calculation and Interpretation of Results12 Test Validity12.1 Calculations12.2 Quality Index12.2.1 Oil Consumption12.2.2 Report13 Forms and Data Dictionary13.1 Test Validity13.2 Report Specifics13.3 Precision and Bias14 Precision14.1 Bias14.1.4 Keywords15 Annexes Engine and Parts WarrantyAnnex A1 Instrument Locations, Measurements, and CalculationsAnnex A2 Cooling System ArrangementAnnex A3 Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor InstallationAnnex A4 Fuel System Design and Required ComponentsAnnex A5 Oil SystemAnnex A6 Exhaust and Intake Barrel PipingAnnex A7 Humidity Probe Installation (Location)Annex A8 Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form)Annex A9 Engine Assembly InformationAnnex A10 Flushing Instructions and ApparatusAnnex A11 Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing ConditionsAnnex A12 Piston and Liner Rating ModificationsAnnex A13 Additional Report FormsAnnex A14 Test Report FormsAnnex A15 Appendixes Various Examples for Reference PurposesAppendix X1 SafetyAppendix X2