5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.

1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.⁴ Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).

1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:

Section

Scope

1

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

Summary of Test Method

4

Significance and Use

5

Apparatus and Installation

6

 Intake Air System

6.2.1

 Exhaust System

6.2.2

 Fuel System

6.2.3

 Oil Consumption System

6.2.4

 Engine Oil System

6.2.5

  Oil Heating System

6.2.5.1

  Oil Sample Valve

6.2.5.2

 Engine Coolant System

6.2.6

 Engine Instrumentation

6.2.7

Reagents and Materials

7

Oil Samples

8

Preparation of Apparatus

9

 General Engine Assembly Practices

9.1

 Complete Engine Inspection

9.2

 Copper Components

9.3

 Engine Lubricant System Flush

9.4

 Engine Piston Cooling Jets

9.5

 Engine Measurements and Inspections

9.6

 Cylinder Head

9.7

 Valve Guide Bushings

9.8

 Fuel Injector

9.9

 Piston and Rings

9.10

 Cylinder Liner

9.11

 Compression Ratio

9.12

 Engine Timing

9.13

 Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure

9.14

Calibration and Standardization

10

 Test Cell Instrumentation

10.1

 Instrumentation Standards

10.2

 Coolant Flow

10.3

 Re-calibration Requirements

10.4

 Fuel Injectors

10.5

 Air Flow

10.6

 Intake Air Barrel

10.7

 Fuel Filter

10.8

 Oil Scale Flow Rates

10.9

 Calibration of Test Stands

10.10

 Extending Test Stand Calibration Period

10.11

 Test Run Numbering

10.13

 Humidity Calibration Requirements

10.14

 Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters

10.15

Procedure

11

 Engine Break-in Procedure

11.1

 Cool-down Procedure

11.2

 Warm-up Procedure

11.3

 Shutdowns and Lost Time

11.4

 Periodic Measurements

11.5

 Engine Control Systems

11.6

  Engine Coolant

11.6.1

  Engine Fuel System

11.6.2

  Engine Oil Temperature

11.6.3

  Exhaust Pressure

11.6.4

  Intake Air

11.6.5

 Post-Test Procedures

11.7

  Piston Ring Side Clearances

11.7.1

  Piston Ratings

11.7.2

   Referee Ratings

11.7.3

  Ring End Gap Increase

11.7.4

  Cylinder Liner Wear

11.7.5

  Cylinder Liner Bore Polish

11.7.6

  Photographs

11.7.7

Calculation and Interpretation of Results

12

 Test Validity

12.1

 Calculations

12.2

  Quality Index

12.2.1

  Oil Consumption

12.2.2

Report

13

 Forms and Data Dictionary

13.1

 Test Validity

13.2

 Report Specifics

13.3

Precision and Bias

14

 Precision

14.1

 Bias

14.1.4

Keywords

15

Annexes

Engine and Parts Warranty

Annex A1

Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations

Annex A2

Cooling System Arrangement

Annex A3

Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation

Annex A4

Fuel System Design and Required Components

Annex A5

Oil System

Annex A6

Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping

Annex A7

Humidity Probe Installation (Location)

Annex A8

Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form)

Annex A9

Engine Assembly Information

Annex A10

Flushing Instructions and Apparatus

Annex A11

Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions

Annex A12

Piston and Liner Rating Modifications

Annex A13

Additional Report Forms

Annex A14

Test Report Forms

Annex A15

Appendixes

Various Examples for Reference Purposes

Appendix X1

Safety

Appendix X2