5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
Область применения1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Section
Scope
1
Referenced Documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Method
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus and Installation
6
Intake Air System
6.2.1
Exhaust System
6.2.2
Fuel System
6.2.3
Oil Consumption System
6.2.4
Engine Oil System
6.2.5
Oil Heating System
6.2.5.1
Oil Sample Valve
6.2.5.2
Engine Coolant System
6.2.6
Engine Instrumentation
6.2.7
Reagents and Materials
7
Oil Samples
8
Preparation of Apparatus
9
General Engine Assembly Practices
9.1
Complete Engine Inspection
9.2
Copper Components
9.3
Engine Lubricant System Flush
9.4
Engine Piston Cooling Jets
9.5
Engine Measurements and Inspections
9.6
Cylinder Head
9.7
Valve Guide Bushings
9.8
Fuel Injector
9.9
Piston and Rings
9.10
Cylinder Liner
9.11
Compression Ratio
9.12
Engine Timing
9.13
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure
9.14
Calibration and Standardization
10
Test Cell Instrumentation
10.1
Instrumentation Standards
10.2
Coolant Flow
10.3
Re-calibration Requirements
10.4
Fuel Injectors
10.5
Air Flow
10.6
Intake Air Barrel
10.7
Fuel Filter
10.8
Oil Scale Flow Rates
10.9
Calibration of Test Stands
10.10
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period
10.11
Test Run Numbering
10.13
Humidity Calibration Requirements
10.14
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters
10.15
Procedure
11
Engine Break-in Procedure
11.1
Cool-down Procedure
11.2
Warm-up Procedure
11.3
Shutdowns and Lost Time
11.4
Periodic Measurements
11.5
Engine Control Systems
11.6
Engine Coolant
11.6.1
Engine Fuel System
11.6.2
Engine Oil Temperature
11.6.3
Exhaust Pressure
11.6.4
Intake Air
11.6.5
Post-Test Procedures
11.7
Piston Ring Side Clearances
11.7.1
Piston Ratings
11.7.2
Referee Ratings
11.7.3
Ring End Gap Increase
11.7.4
Cylinder Liner Wear
11.7.5
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish
11.7.6
Photographs
11.7.7
Calculation and Interpretation of Results
12
Test Validity
12.1
Calculations
12.2
Quality Index
12.2.1
Oil Consumption
12.2.2
Report
13
Forms and Data Dictionary
13.1
Test Validity
13.2
Report Specifics
13.3
Precision and Bias
14
Precision
14.1
Bias
14.1.4
Keywords
15
Annexes
Engine and Parts Warranty
Annex A1
Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations
Annex A2
Cooling System Arrangement
Annex A3
Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation
Annex A4
Fuel System Design and Required Components
Annex A5
Oil System
Annex A6
Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping
Annex A7
Humidity Probe Installation (Location)
Annex A8
Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form)
Annex A9
Engine Assembly Information
Annex A10
Flushing Instructions and Apparatus
Annex A11
Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions
Annex A12
Piston and Liner Rating Modifications
Annex A13
Additional Report Forms
Annex A14
Test Report Forms
Annex A15
Appendixes
Various Examples for Reference Purposes
Appendix X1
Safety
Appendix X2
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.