5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.
5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.9
5.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.9
5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).
5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.
Область применения1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.
1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
Section
Introduction
Scope
1
Referenced documents
2
Terminology
3
Summary of Test Methods
4
Significance and Use
5
Apparatus
6
General Laboratory Requirements
6.1
Test Engine
6.2
Test Engine Accessories and Parts
6.3
Reagents and Materials
7
Test Oil Sample Requirements
8
Preparation of Apparatus
9
Engine Inspection
9.1
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush
9.2
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections
9.3
Engine Assembly
9.4
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly
9.5
Calibration of Engine Test Stand
10
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration
10.1
Runs
10.2
Specified Test Parameters
10.3
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria
10.4
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test
10.5
Test Numbering
10.6
Reference Oils
10.7
Severity Adjustments
10.8
Engine Operating Procedure
11
Engine Run-In
11.1
Cool-Down Procedure
11.2
Warm-Up Procedure
11.3
Operating Conditions and Oil Additions
11.4
Measurement of Oil Consumption
11.5
Sampling Used Oil
11.6
Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions
11.7
Recording of Exhaust Temperature
11.8
Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement
11.9
Recording of Engine Conditions
11.10
Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement
11.11
Inspections, Photographs and Measurements
12
Reference to Reporting Form
12.1
Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts
12.2
Post-Test Information
12.3
Oil Inspections
12.4
Report
13
General Directions
13.1
Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional)
13.12
Reporting Calibration Test Results
13.13
Precision and Bias
14
Keywords
15
ANNEXES
ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization
Annex A1
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures
Annex A2
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities
Annex A3
ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information
Annex A4
Specifications for Test Engine and Engine Build
Annex A5
Intake Air System Details
Annex A6
Exhaust System Details
Annex A7
Cooling System Details
Annex A8
Oil System Modifications and Instrument Locations
Annex A9
Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement Locations
Annex A10
Oil Consumption Linear Regression Method
Annex A11
Test Fuel Specifications
Annex A12
Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and Procedure
Annex A13
Engine Operating Conditions
Annex A14
Procedure for Rating Piston and Liner
Annex A15
Calculation of Percent Offset and Percent Deviation
Annex A16
1K/1N Test Reporting
Annex A17
Parts List by Part Number (P/N) and Warranty
Annex A18
Safety Precautions
Annex A19
APPENDIXES
Humidity Data
Appendix X1
Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation
Appendix X2
Examples of Forms for Reporting
Appendix X3
Optional Recording of Oil Pass Limits
Appendix X4
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements appear throughout the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards that shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A19 on Safety Precautions).
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.