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1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning bioconcentration of a test material added to dilution water-but not to food-by freshwater and saltwater fishes and saltwater bivalve mollusks using the flow-through technique. These procedures also should be useful for conducting bioconcentration tests with other aquatic species, although modifications might be necessary.

1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. The comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting bioconcentration tests.

1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water and in appropriate tissues. Bioconcentration tests are usually conducted on individual chemicals but can be conducted on mixtures if appropriate measurements can be made. Some techniques described in this guide were developed for tests on non-ionizable organic chemicals (see 11.1.2.1) and might not apply to ionizable or inorganic chemicals.

1.4 Results of bioconcentration tests should usually be reported in terms of apparent steady-state and projected steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and uptake and depuration rate constants. Results should be reported in terms of whole body for fishes and in terms of total soft tissue for bivalve mollusks. For fishes and scallops consumed by humans, some results should also be reported in terms of the edible portion, especially if ingestion of the test material by humans is a major concern. For tests on organic and organometallic chemicals, the percent lipids of the tissue should be reported.

1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:

SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Safety Precautions7Apparatus6Facilities6.1Construction Materials6.2Metering System6.3Test Chambers6.4Cleaning6.4.4Acceptability6.5Dilution Water8Requirements8.1Source8.2Treatment8.3Characterization8.4Test Material9General9.1Radiolabeled Material9.2Stock Solution9.3Test Concentration(s)9.4Test Organisms10Species10.01Size10.02Source10.03Care and Handling10.04Feeding10.05Disease Treatment10.06Holding10.07Acclimation10.08Quality10.09Procedure11Experimental Design11.1Dissolved Oxygen11.2Temperature11.3Loading11.4Beginning the Test11.5Care of Organisms11.6Feeding11.7Cleaning11.8Biological Data11.9Measurements on Test Solutions11.10Analytical Methodology12Acceptability of Test13Calculation of Results14Documentation15Keywords16

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.