3.1 These terms have application to forensic practice.

3.1.1 For ASTM International standards, the standard designation is followed by a dash and a two-digit year designation in bold type, for example, E2161 - 19. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken, not necessarily the current year of publication of the standard.

3.1.2 Citations from other than ASTM International standards may include an abbreviation and the standard number followed by a four-digit year designation in bold type, for example, ISO 9000:2015. The year citation references the year of publication of the standard from which the entry is taken. Such standards may also be referenced by a name followed by a year designation, for example, IUPAC Gold Book 2020 (1).5 Abbreviations are detailed under, “All terms sourced from other standards than Committee E30 standards are listed in Section 2.”

3.1.3 For entries followed simply by a reference, for example, ISO 9000:2015 or E456 - 17, the reader can assume that the entry is accurately copied from the reference with no modifications except for ASTM International format conventions. For entries that are slightly modified versions of something from a known source, reference citations read, “Based upon definition by…” Following the “by” is the source name and year that the entry was taken or modified. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the terminology.

3.1.4 For entries from textbooks, a reference following the entry has the name or title of the text, author(s), edition (if applicable), and the year of publication or copyright.

3.1.5 An entry could have a definition of a term with one reference, and the discussion following the definition has a different reference.

3.1.6 Citations from Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary (2) include the date retrieved from the online dictionary and the URL of the cited term and definition.

3.1.7 Each definition is followed by the designation of the E30 subcommittee responsible shown in square brackets; for example, [E30.11].

1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all terms used by Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences.

1.1.1 This terminology consists mostly of definitions that are specific to forensic science and forensic practice. Meanings of the same terms used outside of forensic practice can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.

1.1.2 The specific E30 subcommittee (SC) that has responsibility for each term is the first attribution noted, in square brackets, after the definition. The designation of the standard(s) in which the terms appear is given after the subcommittee. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without approval per the Committee E30 Bylaws. Users of this compilation should also review any SC terminology standard for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC.

1.2 This terminology is a tool for managing the committee’s terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies in which two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.