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1.1 This guide covers reasonable practices for designing and implementing sensory tests that validate claims pertaining only to the sensory or perceptual attributes, or both, of a product. This guide was developed for use in the United States and must be adapted to the laws and regulations for advertisement claim substantiation for any other country. A claim is a statement about a product that highlights its advantages, sensory or perceptual attributes, or product changes or differences compared to other products in order to enhance its marketability. Attribute, performance, and hedonic claims, both comparative and non-comparative, are covered. This guide includes broad principles covering selecting and recruiting representative consumer samples, selecting and preparing products, constructing product rating forms, test execution, and statistical handling of data. The objective of this guide is to disseminate good sensory and consumer testing practices. Validation of claims should be made more defendable if the essence of this guide is followed.

Table of ContentsSectionIntroductionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Basis of Claim Classification4Consumer Based Affective Testing5Sampling5.1Sampling Techniques5.2Selection of Products5.3Sampling of Products When Both Products Are Currently on the Market5.4Handling of Products When Both Products Are Currently on the Market5.5Sampling of Products Not Yet on the Market5.6Sample Preparation/Test Protocol5.7Test Design-Consumer Testing6Data Collection Strategies6.6Interviewing Techniques6.7Type of Questions6.8Questionnaire Design6.9Instruction to Respondents6.10Instructions to Interviewers6.11General/Overall Questions6.12Positioning of the Key Product Rating Questions6.13Total Test Context and Presentation Matters6.14Specific Attribute Questions6.15Classification or Demographic Questions6.16Preference Questions6.17Test Location7Test Execution by Way of Test Agencies-Food and Non-Food Testing8Laboratory Testing Methods9Types of Tests9.2Advantages and Limitations of the Use of Trained Descriptive Panels in Claims Support Research9.3Test Design-Laboratory Testing10Product Procurement10.6Experimental Design10.7Data Collection10.8Data Analysis10.9Questionnaire Construction11Test Facility12Statistical Analysis13Paired-Preference Studies13.1Superiority Claims13.2Parity Claims13.3Paired Comparison/Difference Studies13.4Analysis of Data from Scales13.5Keywords14Commonly Asked Questions About ASTM and Claim SubstantiationAppendix X1