4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate torque are used in many industries, in many ways. They may be used in a research laboratory to measure material properties, and in a production line to qualify a product for shipment. No matter what the end use of the machine may be, it is necessary for users to know the amount of torque that is applied, and that the accuracy of the torque value is traceable to the SI. This standard provides a procedure to verify these machines and devices, in order that the indicated torque values may be traceable. A key element to having metrological traceability is that the devices used in the calibration produce known torque characteristics, and have been calibrated in accordance with Practice E2428.

4.2 This standard may be used by those using, those manufacturing, and those providing calibration service for torque capable testing machines or devices and related instrumentation.

1.1 This practice covers procedures and requirements for the calibration of torque for static and quasi-static torque capable testing machines. These may, or may not, have torque indicating systems and include those devices used for the calibration of hand torque tools. Testing machines may be calibrated by one of the three following methods or combination thereof:

1.1.1 Use of standard weights and lever arms.

1.1.2 Use of elastic torque measuring devices.

1.1.3 Use of elastic force measuring devices and lever arms.

1.1.4 Any of the methods require a specific uncertainty of measurement, displaying metrological traceability to The International System of Units (SI).

Note 1: – for further definition of the term metrological traceability, refer to the latest revision of JCGM 200: International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM).

1.2 The procedures of 1.1.1, 1.1.2, and 1.1.3 apply to the calibration of the torque-indicating systems associated with the testing machine, such as a scale, dial, marked or unmarked recorder chart, digital display, etc. In all cases the buyer/owner/user must designate the torque-indicating system(s) to be calibrated and included in the report.

1.3 Since conversion factors are not required in this practice, either english units, metric units, or SI units can be used as the standard.

1.4 Torque values indicated on displays/printouts of testing machine data systems—be they instantaneous, delayed, stored, or retransmitted—which are calibrated with provisions of 1.1.1, 1.1.2 or 1.1.3 or a combination thereof, and are within the ±1 % of reading accuracy requirement, comply with this practice.

1.5 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29, for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.