1.1 This practice outlines a series of procedures for characterization of the morphology, number, size, and size distribution of particles. The methods utilized include sieves, optical, SEM, and electrooptical.

1.2 These methods are appropriate for particles produced by a number of different methods. These include wear test machines, total joint simulation systems, abrasion testing, methods for producing particulates, such as shatter boxes or pulverizors, commercially available particles, and particles harvested from tissues in animal or clinical studies.

1.3 The debris may include metallic, polymeric, ceramic, or any combination of these.

1.4 The digestion procedures to be used and issues of sterilization of retrieved particles are not the subject of this practice.

1.5 A classification scheme for description of particle morphology are included in Appendix X3.

1.6 As a precautionary measure, removed debris from implant tissues should be sterilized or minimally disinfected by an appropriate means that does not adversely affect the particulate material. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.