Once the extent and type of shoreline oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F1686 and F1687), decisions are made on the appropriate course of action for cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery may be the preferred approach whereas in other cases, active intervention may be appropriate. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available.

This guide is intended to minimize possible added impact to the environment that could result from overly-aggressive cleanup. In some cases, local priorities may dictate that intensive clean-up methods may be warranted. In all cases, concurrence to use such techniques should be obtained from all the major stakeholders and must comply with applicable regulations.

1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remediating shorelines containing stranded oil. The primary goal of any shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.

1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to active intervention.

1.3 The tactics listed may not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures may be appropriate on the same shoreline.

1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both.

1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response are guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the degree of oiling, shoreline accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceanographic and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with the appropriate regulatory authorities as certain response options may require government authorization and approval.

1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.