8.1 The conductivity of the water extract of electrical grade pulp results from electrolytic impurities in the pulp potentially present as ionizable acids, bases, salts, or a combination of these. The presence of electrolytic impurities in electrical insulation is undesirable as they tend to lower insulation resistance and have corrosion-producing tendencies under conditions of applied potential. When comparing test data, note that the extract conductivity of pulps, especially those of high purity, changes with time after manufacturing in some instances. This test is useful for routine acceptance testing, the comparison of different pulps, and research work.6

1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of cellulosic pulps for use in the manufacture of electrical insulating papers and boards or in the direct application of pulp fibers as insulation to electrical conductors.

Note 1: The significance of any one pulp property test method, as set forth herein, should be considered with discretion depending on the product made from the pulp.

1.2 Sections on Reagents, Sampling, and Report are integral parts of each of the individual test methods that follow.

1.3 Each test method is described as being a measure of either a bulk property of the pulp or a property of a handsheet formed from the pulp.

1.3.1 Bulk characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:

Procedure

Sections

ASTM
Method
Reference

TAPPI
Method
Reference

Aqueous Extract Conductivity

8 and 9

D202

...

Aqueous Extract pH

10 and 11

D202

...

Aqueous Extractable
 Acidity-Alkalinity

12 and 13

D202

...

Analysis of Ash for Cations by Atomic Absorption Spectro-
 photometry

70 – 78

D1193 and D2576

...

Ash Content

79 – 82

D202

T 413

Dirt in Pulp

40 and 41

...

T 213

Fiber Analysis

23 and 24

D202 and D1030

...

Fiber Length of Pulp

42 and 43

...

T 232, T 233

Freeness (Canadian Standard  Freeness)

53 and 54

...

T 227

Kappa Number/Permanganate  Number (Substances
 Oxidizable by Permanga-
 nate)

27 and 28

...

T 236, UM 251

Laboratory Processing of Pulp  (Beater Method)

51 and 52

...

T 200

Moisture in Pulp

31 – 33

...

T 210

Neutral Aqueous Extractable  Hardness in Pulp

16 – 22

D202, D1126, and  D2576

...

Pentosan Content of Pulp

29 and 30

...

T 223

Resistance of Pulp to
  Disintegration (Standard
  RPG)

44 – 50

...

T 239, UM 252

Shive Count

34 – 39

...

...

Solvent-Soluble Matter in Pulp

25 and 26

D202

...

Tensile Properties

65 – 69

D202

...

Water-Extractable Chlorides

14 and 15

D202

...

1.3.2 Handsheet characteristics determinable by these procedures appear in the following sections:

Procedure

Section

ASTM
Method
Reference

TAPPI
Method
Reference

Air Resistance (Porosity)

57 and 58

D202

T 205

Apparent Density

63 and 64

D202

T 205

Bursting Strength

59 and 60

D202 and D774/D774M

T 205

Folding Endurance (M.I.T.)

51 and 52

D202 and D2176

T 205

Forming Handsheets for  Physical Tests of Pulp

55 and 56

...

T 205

Tensile Strength

65 and 66

D202 and D828

T 205

Note 2: Methods for Ash, Silica, selected cations from Ash, Heat Stability, α, β, and γ Cellulose, Viscosity, Total Chlorine, Tear, and Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity, will be considered for addition as methods are developed.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.