Значение и использование

3.1 Accurate elemental analyses of samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical properties, which are in turn used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.

Область применения

1.1 This practice covers information relating to sampling, calibration and validation of X-ray fluorescence instruments for elemental analysis, including all kinds of wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) techniques. This practice includes sampling issues such as the selection of storage vessels, transportation, and sub-sampling. Treatment, assembly, and handling of technique-specific sample holders and cups are also included. Technique-specific requirements during analytical measurement and validation of measurement for the determination of trace elements in samples of petroleum and petroleum products are described. For sample mixing, refer to Practice D5854. Petroleum products covered in this practice are considered to be a single phase and exhibit Newtonian characteristics at the point of sampling.

1.2 Applicable Test Methods—This practice is applicable to the XRF methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis, and those under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institute’s Test Method Standardization Committee (Table 1). Some of these methods are technically equivalent though they may differ in details (Table 2).

TABLE 1 XRF Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

Technique

Analysis

ASTM

EI

WD-XRF

Sulfur in Petroleum Products

D2622

 

 

Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils and Additives

D4927

IP 407

 

Lead in Gasoline

D5059

IP 228

 

Lead in Gasoline

 

IP 489

 

Sulfur in Gasoline

D6334

 

 

Additive Elements in Lube Oils and Additives

D6443

 

 

Vanadium and Nickel

 

IP 433

 

Sulfur

 

IP 447

 

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

 

IP 497

 

Chlorine and Bromine

 

IP 503

 

Sulfur in Ethanol as Blending Agent

 

IP 553

 

Si, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Cu in Used Greases

 

IP 560

 

Several Metals in Burner Fuels Derived from Waste Mineral Oils

 

IP 593

MWD-XRF

Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel

D7039

 

 

Silicon in Gasoline and Naphtha

D7757

 

ED-XRF

Sulfur in Petroleum Products

D4294

IP 336

 

Sulfur in Gasoline

D6445

 

 

Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils

D6481

 

 

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

D7212

IP 531

 

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

D7220

IP 532

 

Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils

D7751

 

 

Lead in Gasoline

 

IP 352

 

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

 

IP 496

 

Low Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

 

IP 600

TABLE 2 Technically Equivalent XRF Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants^A

Analysis

ASTM

EI

Other

Sulfur by WD-XRF

D2622

 

DIN 51400T6;
JIS K3541

Additive Elements by WE-XRF

D4927

IP 407

DIN 51391T2

Lead in Gasoline

D5059

IP 228

 

Sulfur by ED-XRF

D4294

IP 336

ISO 8754

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

D7212

IP 531

 

Sulfur in Automotive Fuels

D7220

IP 532

 

^A Nadkarni, R. A., Guide to ASTM Test Methods for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, 2nd edition, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.

1.3 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to petroleum and petroleum products with vapor pressures at sampling and storage temperatures less than or equal to 101 kPa (14.7 psi). Use Practice D4057 or IP 475 to sample these materials. Refer to Practice D5842 when sampling materials that also require Reid vapor pressure (RVP) determination.

1.4 Non-applicable Fluids—Petroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling and sample storage conditions are above 101 kPa (14.7 psi) and liquefied gases (that is, LNG, LPG, etc.) are not covered by this practice.

1.5 Sampling Methods—The physical sampling and methods of sampling from a primary source are not covered by this guide. It is assumed that samples covered by this practice are a representative sample of the primary source liquid. Refer to Practice D4057 or IP 475 for detailed sampling procedures.

1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.