Значение и использование

5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate soot generation, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.

5.2 This test method can be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of this test method are in compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are included in Specification D4485.

5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions needs to be considered when extrapolating test results.

Область применения

1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, top ring wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment. This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins ISM Test.2

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.2.1 Exception—The only exception is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.

1.4 Table of Contents:

 

Section

Scope

1

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

Summary of Test Method

4

Significance and Use

5

Apparatus

6

 Test Engine Configuration

6.1

  Test Engine

6.1.1

  Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, Block Off Plate

6.1.2

  Oil Filter Head Modification

6.1.3

  Oil Pan Modification

6.1.4

  Engine Control Module (ECM)

6.1.5

  Engine Position Sensor

6.1.6

  Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor

6.1.7

  Barometric Pressure Sensor

6.1.8

  Turbocharger Controller

6.1.9

  Power Supply Voltage

6.1.10

  Air Compressor and Fuel Pump

6.1.11

  Engine Block Preparation

6.1.12

 Test Stand Configuration

6.2

  Engine Mounting

6.2.1

  Intake Air System

6.2.2

  Aftercooler

6.2.3

  Exhaust System

6.2.4

  Exhaust Gas Recirculation System

6.2.5

  Fuel System

6.2.6

  Coolant System

6.2.7

  Pressurized Oil Fill System

6.2.8

  External Oil System

6.2.9

  Crankcase Aspiration

6.2.10

  Blowby Rate

6.2.11

 System Time Responses

6.3

 Oil Sample Containers

6.4

 Mass Balance

6.5

Engine and Cleaning Fluids

7

 Test Oil

7.1

 Test Fuel

7.2

 Engine Coolant

7.3

 Pentane

7.4

 Solvent

7.5

Preparation of Apparatus

8

 Cleaning of Parts

8.1

  General

8.1.1

  Engine Block

8.1.2

  Cylinder Head

8.1.3

  Rocker Cover and Oil Pan

8.1.4

  External Oil System

8.1.5

  Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement

8.1.6

  Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement

8.1.7

  Ring Cleaning and Measurement

8.1.8

  Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning and Measurement

8.1.9

 Engine Assembly

8.2

  General

8.2.1

  Parts Reuse and Replacement

8.2.2

  Build-Up Oil

8.2.3

  Coolant Thermostat

8.2.4

  Oil Thermostat

8.2.5

  Fuel Injectors

8.2.6

  New Parts

8.2.7

 Operational Measurements

8.3

  Units and Formats

8.3.1

  Instrumentation Calibration

8.3.2

  Temperatures

8.3.3

  Pressures

8.3.4

  Flow Rates

8.3.5

  Intake and Exhaust CO₂ Measurement

8.3.6

Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests

9

 General

9.1

 New Test Stand

9.2

  New Test Stand Calibration

9.2.1

 Stand Calibration Period

9.3

 Stand Modification and Calibration Status

9.4

 Test Numbering System

9.5

  General

9.5.1

  Reference Oil Tests

9.5.2

  Non-Reference Oil Tests

9.5.3

 Reference Oil Test Acceptance

9.6

 Reference Oil Accountability

9.7

 Last Start Date

9.8

 Donated Reference Oil Test Programs

9.9

 Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods

9.10

  Procedural Deviations

9.10.1

  Parts and Fuel Shortages

9.10.2

  Reference Oil Test Data Flow

9.10.3

  Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration System

9.10.4

Test Procedure

10

 Engine Installation and Stand Connections

10.1

 Coolant System Fill

10.2

 Oil Fill for Break-in

10.3

  Engine Build Committed

10.3.3

 Fuel Samples

10.4

 Engine Warm-up

10.5

  Shutdown During Warm-up

10.5.1

 Engine Break-in

10.6

 Shutdown and Maintenance

10.7

  Normal Shutdown

10.7.1

  Emergency Shutdown

10.7.2

  Maintenance

10.7.3

  Downtime

10.7.4

 200-h Test Procedure

10.8

  Oil Fill for Test

10.8.2

  Operating Conditions

10.8.4

  Injection Timing Change

10.8.5

  Mass % Soot Validity

10.8.6

  Test Timer

10.8.7

  Operational Data Acquisition

10.8.8

  Oil Sampling

10.8.9

  Oil Addition

10.8.10

 End of Test (EOT)

10.9

  Engine Disassembly

10.9.3

Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity

11

 Crosshead Mass Loss

11.1

  Crosshead Mass Loss Correction Factor

11.1.7.1

 Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss

11.2

  Injector Adjusting Screw Correction Factor

11.2.5

 Ring Mass Loss

11.3

 Sludge Ratings

11.4

 Oil Filter Plugging

11.5

 Oil Analyses

11.6

 Oil Consumption

11.7

 Fuel Analyses

11.8

  Additional Analysis

11.8.1

 Assessment of Operational Validity

11.9

 Assessment of Test Interpretability

11.10

Test Report

12

 Report Forms

12.1

 Reference Oil Test

12.2

 Electronic transmission of Test Results

12.2.1

Precision and Bias

13

 Precision

13.1

  Intermediate Precision Conditions

13.1.1

  Reproducibility Conditions

13.1.2

 Bias

13.2

Keywords

14

Annexes

 

Safety Precautions

Annex A1

Intake Air Aftercooler

Annex A2

Engine Build Parts Kit

Annex A3

Sensor Locations, Special Hardware, and Engine Block Modifications

Annex A4

External Oil System

Annex A5

Fuel Specification

Annex A6

Cummins Service Publications

Annex A7

Specified Units and Formats

Annex A8

Report Forms and Data Dictionary

Annex A9

Sludge Rating Worksheets

Annex A10

Oil Analyses

Annex A11

Determination of Operational Validity

Annex A12

Exhaust CO₂ Sampling Probe

Annex A13

ISM Merit Rating Calculation

Annex A14

Appendix

 

Typical System Configurations

Appendix X1