Once the extent and type of shoreline oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F 1686 and F 1687), decisions will need to be made on the appropriate course of action for cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery will be the preferred approach whereas in other cases active intervention may be called for. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available.

This guide is intended to minimize possible added impact to the environment that could result from overly-aggressive cleanup. In some cases, local priorities may dictate that intensive clean-up methods may be warranted. In all cases, concurrence to use such techniques should be obtained from all the major stakeholders and must comply with all local regulations.

1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remediating shorelines containing stranded oil. The primary goal of any shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.

1.2 This guide describes 21 different countermeasures that are available for consideration. These countermeasures range from natural recovery to active intervention.

1.3 The countermeasures listed may not be the best for use under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures may need to be used on the same shoreline.

1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both. Additional guides, presently under development, will address considerations related to habitat and oil characteristics.

1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response will be guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the degree of contamination, shoreline accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceanographic and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. Some of the response options will require government authorization and approval.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.